Opposition Flashcards
Divisions in Labour 1955?
(1951)Bevanite Quarrel
(1957) Unilateral Nuclear disarmament
(1959) Claue IV
Outcome Bevanite Quarrel?
Bevan –> architect of NHS
Gaitskell –> prescription charges and defeated Bevan in election
Issues over nuclear disaramament?
Bevan opposed unilateral nuclear disarmament
Many Labout left-wingers joined CND (Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament) –> might have turned voters away
Frank Cosuins opposed Gaitskells nuclear weapons
(1960) Gaitskell emotional speech at Lab. conference trying to convince ro reject unilateral nuclear disarmament
Why was 1959 defeat a surprise?
Gaitskell was confident and effective campaigner
Promoted moderate polcies that LAb. thought would be pop. with voters
Issues with Clause IV?
Gaitskell put forward idea of abolishing Clause IV in Lab. conference
–> committed party to nationalisation
Gaitskell backed down without vote after backalsh
Lab between 1979-83?
Facing political oblivion
Internal division boiled over
2 catastrophic defeats
When was SDP founded?
1981 –> snapping point was party conference whihc were lots of hard-left hecklers
How did SDP crisis begin?
Michael Foot elected as leader instead of obvious candidate Denis Healey
(1981) Healey narrowly defeated TOny Benn in bitter contest from deputy leadership
Who were SDP?
started with 4 Labout politicians and 28 Labout politicans followed
–> driven out by extremists
–> quickly made impact on national politics
What did SDP do in the 1983 and 1987 elections?
forged a formal agreement know as SDP-Liberal Alliance
–> however was oftern tense and differences between the leaders
Who did Labour voters change to - demographic change?
-some became ‘Thatcher Cons.’
-some voted Liberal or SDP
-some supported far left
- some didnt vote at all
-Could no longer working class and press was hostile
What were Labour divisions between 1983-87?
Militant Tednancy - seeking to infiltrate Lab from within
–> (1986) Neil Kinnock expelled from Lab party but perceived as dominate by left and TU
Why did Labour lose the 1983 election?
Labour leadership lacked credibility
–> Micahel foot struggled with divisions within Labour
–> was bad in media
–> Labour manifesto dominated by left-wing promises e.g. unilateral nuclear disarmament , withdrawal from EEC, abolish foxhunting
–>’longest suicide note in history’
Why did SDP-Liberal and Labour lose 1987 election?
LAb. = Kinnock had restored party discipline and made party organisation more efficient but still lost
SDP = hard to keep levels of support, ideological diff., personal diff between leaders
What happened to SDP after 1987 election?
Begna to shrink
Lab. rebuilt so moderate socialism was back
SDP in 1988?
Lib and SDP merged to form Liberal Democrats
–> David disagreed and resigned
–> many switched back to Lab.
Why did Labour lose 1992 election?
not reformed enough
memories of 1980’s too strong
How did Kinnock further reorganise party after 1987 election defeat?
moved policies towards centre ground
Peter Mandleson mastermind of party reorganisation
(1987) John Smith Shadow chancellor gave Lab. more reassuring image of moderation and competence
What did Kinnock do about manifesto?
Most of manifesto ditched:
withdrawl of EEC
unilateral nuclear disarmament
rises on tax on hgih incomes
What happened to Labour party after 1992 election?
Many balmed Kinnock and resigned 4 days later
Who was Neil Kinnocks successor?
John smith
Why did it seem Smith could lead LAb to victroy?
Cons. problems with Balck Wednesday
someone trusted with eco.
(1993) Intro. ‘One Member One Vote’ for Parliamentary Candidates –> lessen influence of TU