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The Making Of Modern Britain > Northern Ireland > Flashcards

Northern Ireland Flashcards

1
Q

When and Why were there civil rights marches?

A

(1964-68 )Evidence that catholics were being discriminated against in employment and housing

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2
Q

When and importance of apprentice boys?

A

(1969) Apprentice boys attacked on annual march to Derry by nationalists in the Catholic area. Images of RUC beating Catholics

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3
Q

Britains reaction to Apprentice boys?

A

(Aug) troops came to attempt peace

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4
Q

What did Heath impose in 1971?

A

Night time curfews and intro. to internment

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5
Q

What was Bloody Sunday?

A

30th Jan 1972 Began as a civil rights march against internment

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6
Q

Affects of Bloody Sunday

A

26 unarmed civilians shot
13 killed on the day

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7
Q

Why was 1972 the bloodiest year of the troubles?

A

1382 explosions
480 people killed

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8
Q

Heath’s action to incidents in 1972?

A

Brought direct rule from Westminster

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9
Q

When was the Sunningdale agreement?

A

1973

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10
Q

What was the Sunningdale agreement?

A
  • a power-sharing executive of both nationalist and unionist
  • new Northern Ireland Assembly elected under a system of proportional representation
    -Council of Ireland that would have some input from the ROI
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11
Q

When did UUP vote to pull out of the Sunningdale agreement?

A

1974

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12
Q

When and why did the Ulster Workers Council Strike?

A

1974 - To bring down the executive

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13
Q

What were the effects of the 1974 strikes?

A

Britain declared a state of emergency, reimpose direct rule and Sunningdale collapsed

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14
Q

In 1974, what was set up to determine the future of gov. in Northern Ireland?

A

Northern Irish Constitution Convention

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15
Q

Why did the Northern Irish Consitution Convention dissolve?

A

(July 1975) majority for unionists in the election
–> opposed to any form of power-sharing
–> agreement with nationalists would not be possible

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16
Q

When was Special Category status removed?

A

1976 - making political prisoners considered criminals

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17
Q

What and When was the blanket protest?

A

1976- instead of wearing prisoners uniform they were either naked or wore a blanket

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18
Q

When and what was Dirty protest?

A

1978- prisoners refused to leave cells and smeared excrement on walls

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19
Q

When were the hunger strikes and who were they led by?

A

1980 - Bobby Sands and 11 died

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20
Q

When were hunger strikes called off?

A

(Oct 1981)Special Catergory Status was not removed

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21
Q

When did Gerry Adams become leader of Sinn Fein?

A

1982

22
Q

When was bomb in Brighton Hotel?

A

(Oct 1984) IRA exploded bomb during Conservative Party conference

23
Q

Affects of bomb at Brighton Hotel?

A

Thatcher was unhurt and 5 killed; national outrage in Britain

24
Q

When and What was anglo-Irish agreement?

A

1985
–> gov. cooperate with Uk and ROI
–>confirmed NI was in Uk
–> 200000 people protest in Belfast incl. Ian Paisley

25
Q

Who was Ian Paisley?

A

DUP leader

26
Q

What new paramilitary org. created in response to Belfast rally?

A

Ulster Resistance

27
Q

What was the incident with the ‘shoot to kill policy’?

A

(1988) 3 IRA members were killed by Special Air Force in Gibraltar

28
Q

2 events of states activities that were under scrutiny?

A

Birmingham Six and Guildford Four

29
Q

When did it seem Sinn Fein was ready to agree peace?

A

1993

30
Q

Majors relationship with Irish PM in 1993

A

good relations with Reynolds

31
Q

When was the Downing Street Declaration and who with?

A

1993 with Reynolds (Irish PM)

32
Q

Affect of Downing Street Declaration

A

(1994) IRA and loyalist paramilitaries ceasfire
–> sense of war weariness

33
Q

Why did the Downing Street Declaration fail>?

A

Unionists didn’t believe IRA commitment to peace
–> IRA got impatient and went back to violence
–> (1996) bomb attacks in Manchester and Canary Wharf

34
Q

What was Labours position with Northern Ireland in 1997?

A

political opputunity to end the Troubles

35
Q

Who was John Hume?

A

leader of SDLP

36
Q

What did John Hume do in relation to NI?

A

persuaded Gerry Adams and MArtin McGuiness that negotiation settlement was possible

37
Q

WHo was Martin McGuineess?

A

Leader of Sinn Fein?

38
Q

Why was George Mitchell a good chairman for negotiation talks

A

trusted by both unionists and republicans

39
Q

What did Blair do to gain support of the republicans?

A

keep closer relations with Irish Taoiseach (Bertie Ahern)

40
Q

Who and what did they do to keep paramilitaires on board with neogtiations?

A

Mo Mowlam (Labour MP) visted them in prison

41
Q

When did Good Friday Agreement get reached?

A

After 17 hrs past deadline, reached on 10th April

42
Q

Who walked out at lack of progress in ensuring IRA would decommission its arms and when?

A

9th April –> Jeffrey Donaldson (UUP negotiator)

43
Q

What was good Friday Agreement?

A

–> NI could decide what it should be a part of
–>a devolved assembly with power sharing executive
–> links between all three (NI, UK, Ireland) strengthened
–> all parties influence decommission of amrs
–> early release of paramilitaies org. committed to peace

44
Q

What happened after Good Friday Agreement produced?

A

22nd May 1998 –> referendum to people of Ireland

45
Q

Results of referendum

A

NI: 71% for
ROI : 94% for

46
Q

Who and why were in opposition to Good Friday Agreement?

A

leaders of SInn Fein (nervous of republican backlash)
David Trimble (Ulster Unionist MP) and Ulster Unionists ( fear of negative influnce of Iam Paisley)

47
Q

What happened in 1998 which was SInn Feins fears realised?

A

Omagh bombing
–> 30 ppl killed
–> by dissident republicans and a ‘continuinty’ IRA

48
Q

Overall, NI for Blair?

A

SIngle greatest acheivement in premiership

49
Q

long term affects of NI

A

Dissagreements over:
–> paramilitaries decommission arms?
–> early relase of convicted terrorists?
–> right of Protestants Orange to march tradtional route

50
Q

What was ST Andrews Agreement?

A

after disagreement the devolved institution was suspended in 2002 until 2006 st andrews agreement
–> reiterated good friday
–> Not all problems were solved

The Making Of Modern Britain (14 decks)

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