Immigration Flashcards
When did India get their independence?
1947
When and what was the Mau Mau rebellion?
1952 - Jomo Kenyatta rebelled against British colonial rule and ruined Britains reputation
How many Commonwealth immigrants in 1958?
210000 however still outwards migration as well
When were Nottingham and Notting Hill riots and what happened?
1958- gangs of white youths were attacking West Indians
Significance of Oswald Mosley?
leader of British facism, tried to use the issue of standing as Union movment candidate ofr Kensignton North (incl. Notting Hill) as platform for repatriation
When was Macmillans Winds of Change speech?
1960 supposed to target white minority who thought they could resist regime rather than colonial people who wanted independence
When and what was the first Commonwealth immigration Act?
1963- restriction of entry of Commonwealth immigrants
When did Kenya get their independence?
1963
When and what was the Rhodesia crisis?
1963- when Rhodesia split in 3 states, Britain made it clear that it could not gain independence till majority rule replaced white political domination
–> (1965) Ian Smith issued Unilateral Declaration of Independence without majoirty
What did Wilson do to tackle Rhodesia?
(Dec 1966) As it was a direct challenge to Labour gov., he met with Smith
–> (1967) Oil sanctions didnt have an affect as their wasnt cooperation from other countires
–> (1968) more talks that didnt amount to anything
Outcome of Rhodesia
upset commonwealth and left wing Labour
made Britian look weak
When and what was the first race relations act?
1965- no discrimination in work or home
When was the National Front created?
1966
Incidents of National Front?
(1976-8) 100 incidents and 2 murders
What did the influx of Kenyan Asians trigger?
(1968) Commonwelath Immigration Act
–> limited return for non-white citzens
When and what was the rivers of blood speech? Outcomes?
(1968) Enoch Powell was condemned for making a speech criticising mass immigration
–>However, a poll saw that 75% supported what Powell said and many went on strike after he was sacked
When and what was the second Race relations Act?
(1968) banned discrimination in work
00> only upheld 10% of 1241 complaints
When and what was the Immigration Act?
Need to have either a guaranteed job or one grandparent born in the Britain
–> exceptions for expelled Ugandan Asians
How many non-white councillours elected in 1974?
10
When was the third Race Relations Act and what was it?
(1976) established commissions for racil equality
When was Rock against racism movement and the demo ?
1976 –> demo was in Trafalgar square and 100000 people attended
–> against Enoch Powells comments
How many officers were black in 1976?
70/20000
SIgnificance of VIV Anderson?
(1978) became first black footballer
Significance of Blair Peach?
(1979) He was a ANti-Nazi supporter who was killed in a demo blocked by police
–> alledged killed by a police truncheon
–> Met police took responsibility in 2010
What was the Anti-Nazi League?
pressure group set up against assults and roberies in (1976-8)
What happened under Major to do with Race Relations?
(1991-2) riots in towns and cities
(1992) John Taylor lost to Lib. Candidate amid racism rumours
Significance of Stephen Lawrence murder?
Murdered by young white gang
–> CPS suggested not sufficent evidence
(1998) MacPherson report stated that Met Police were insituitionally racist
Causes of immigration increase in 1990?
globalisation accelerated movement of people
famines
regional conflicts
rapid expansion of EU
Who were migrating?
skilled workers to fill skill shortages
families of other immigrants
foreign students for uni
people from new EU states
asylum seekers from Iran and Afghanistan
Evidence Britian was multicultural?
(2002) Paul Boateng first black cabinet minister - Chief Secretary in Treasruy
- Mosques familiar feature
Initiatives to celebrate cultural background
Notting Hill carnival attracted millions
(2012 Olympic games held
Evidence there was racil tension in Britian?
MAcPherson report
(2001) BBC chairman acknoledged workforce was ‘hideously white’
(July 2005) 7/7 bombings
–> 52 ppl. killed as 4 suicide bombers attacked 3 trains and 1 bus
(21st July) another attempt but bombs failed
–> jean Charles Menezes mistaken and shot
Outcome of 7/7 bombings?
focus on security and community realtions
First responses to terrorist attacks?
1) find out why they were alienated and improve conditions with ethnic minoirites
–> (2006) post secretaty of state tole created to prevent exttremism
Seconf response to terrorist attacks?
2) greater security
–>(2006) National Identity Card passed
- Contreversial but needed to fight terrorism?
–> (2006) Terrorist Act
- increased time suspect held without charge to 28 days
Opinion polls on immmigration as a vital issue?
(2001) 3%
(2007) 30%
Myths spread by pressure gorups?
associate migrants with criminal behaviour
took jobs away
low wages
Migration Watch –> public serves overstreched
Economist views on immigration?
migrants filled skill shortages
beneficial for economy
not heavy demands on public services as most were young and healthy
positive impact on birth rates
Migration went both ways
