Opioids Flashcards
What is neuroleptanalgesia?
Combining dissociative with an analgesic
T/F: Opioids increase gut motility
False
Don’t give if the animal has a toxin or bacterial infection in the gut - increased absorption
T/F: Opioids cause constipation
True
they slow gut motility
Common Opioid effects in dogs
CNS depression
decreased motor activity
decreased temperature set point
hypothermia
Common Opioid effects in cats/horses
CNS stimulation (use with sedative)
mydriasis
increased temperature set point
hyperthermia
T/F: Opioids are contraindicated in patients with head trauma
True:
decreased sensitivity to CO2 levels in the blood causing decreased respiration rate, increased CO2 in the brain causing vasodilation and increased intracranial pressure
What Opioids should be used to induce emesis in dogs? cats?
Dogs = morphine Cats = Xylazine
Full µ agonists
Most clinically useful
will cause anesthesia
no ceiling effect
not as good for chronic pain
Partial µ agonists
Never reach same effectiveness as full µ agonist
ceiling effect
Mixed agonist/antagonists
Activate some opioid receptors and block others
Full opioid antagonists
Block all opioid receptors
T/F: Opioids have a large Vd
True
What is the route of administration of opioids?
IM, IV, PO (variable absorption)
Where are opioids metabolized?
Liver - glucuronic acid in dogs, sulfuric acid in cats
What is the opioid scheduling?
Most full µ agonists = Class 2
Buprenorphone = Class 3
Butorphenol, Tramadol = Class 4
Clinical uses of Morphine
Analgesia
Preanesthetic
Histamine release (IV in dogs)
Emesis in dogs
Clinical uses of Codeine and Hydrocodone
Antitussive (Codeine is not used in vet med)
Clinical uses of Hydromorphone and Oxymorphone
Analgesia
Preanesthetic
Clinical uses of Methadone
Used in treating Heroine addiction
Analgesia
Clinical uses of Fentanyl
Analgesia (great for severe pain)
Preanesthetic
Clinical uses of Carfentanil
Analgesia
Immobilization dart