Alpha-2 Agonists/Antagonists Flashcards
What subclass do Xylazine, Detomidine, Romifidine, and Dexmedetomidine belong to?
Alpha 2 agonists
What species is Xylaxine used in?
Horses
small ruminants
What species is Detomidine used in?
Horses
What species is Romifidine used in?
Horses
What species is Dexmedetomidine used in?
Dogs, cats, exotics
Clinical uses for Alpha-2 agonists
sedation
muscle relaxation (with ketamine)
IV in large animals
IM in small animals
Clinical use for Dexmedetomidine
Emetic (cats>dogs)
Side effects of Alpha-2 agonists
Respiratory depression (increased in sheep)
negative ionotrope
negative chronotrope
Contraindications of Alpha-2 agonists
Cardiac instability
liver and kidney disease
late pregnancy (abort)
Which Alpha-2 agonist will decrease respiration the most?
Dexmedetomidine
Special considerations for Alpha-2 agonists
Cross placenta
metabolized by the liver
What subclass do Yohimbine, Tolazine, and Atipamazole belong to?
Alpha-2 antagonists
What species is Yohimbine used in?
Dogs, deer, elk
What species is Tolazine used in?
Horses
What species is Atipamazole used in?
Dogs
What are the general effects of Alpha-2 agonists?
Vasodilation, analgesia, and sedation
Indications of Alpha-2 antagonists?
Reversing Alpha-2 agonists
treat Amitraz poisoning
What are the general effects of Alpha-2 antagonists?
Vasoconstriction, decreased analgesia, decreased sedation
Side effects of Alpha-2 antagonists
Hypotension and tachycardia, CNS excitement
Special considerations of Alpha-2 antagonists
Give slowly IV to effect, give another analgesic because the analgesia from the Alpha-2 agonist will be reversed
What is the reversal agent for Xylazine, Detomidine, and Romifidine?
Yohimbine and Tolazine
What is the reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine?
Atipamazole
