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Pharmacology 1 > Alpha-2 Agonists/Antagonists > Flashcards

Alpha-2 Agonists/Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

What subclass do Xylazine, Detomidine, Romifidine, and Dexmedetomidine belong to?

A

Alpha 2 agonists

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2
Q

What species is Xylaxine used in?

A

Horses

small ruminants

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3
Q

What species is Detomidine used in?

A

Horses

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4
Q

What species is Romifidine used in?

A

Horses

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5
Q

What species is Dexmedetomidine used in?

A

Dogs, cats, exotics

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6
Q

Clinical uses for Alpha-2 agonists

A

sedation
muscle relaxation (with ketamine)
IV in large animals
IM in small animals

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7
Q

Clinical use for Dexmedetomidine

A

Emetic (cats>dogs)

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8
Q

Side effects of Alpha-2 agonists

A

Respiratory depression (increased in sheep)
negative ionotrope
negative chronotrope

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9
Q

Contraindications of Alpha-2 agonists

A

Cardiac instability
liver and kidney disease
late pregnancy (abort)

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10
Q

Which Alpha-2 agonist will decrease respiration the most?

A

Dexmedetomidine

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11
Q

Special considerations for Alpha-2 agonists

A

Cross placenta

metabolized by the liver

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12
Q

What subclass do Yohimbine, Tolazine, and Atipamazole belong to?

A

Alpha-2 antagonists

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13
Q

What species is Yohimbine used in?

A

Dogs, deer, elk

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14
Q

What species is Tolazine used in?

A

Horses

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15
Q

What species is Atipamazole used in?

A

Dogs

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16
Q

What are the general effects of Alpha-2 agonists?

A

Vasodilation, analgesia, and sedation

17
Q

Indications of Alpha-2 antagonists?

A

Reversing Alpha-2 agonists

treat Amitraz poisoning

18
Q

What are the general effects of Alpha-2 antagonists?

A

Vasoconstriction, decreased analgesia, decreased sedation

19
Q

Side effects of Alpha-2 antagonists

A

Hypotension and tachycardia, CNS excitement

20
Q

Special considerations of Alpha-2 antagonists

A

Give slowly IV to effect, give another analgesic because the analgesia from the Alpha-2 agonist will be reversed

21
Q

What is the reversal agent for Xylazine, Detomidine, and Romifidine?

A

Yohimbine and Tolazine

22
Q

What is the reversal agent for Dexmedetomidine?

A

Atipamazole

Pharmacology 1 (8 decks)

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