opioids Flashcards
what is a narcotic analgesic?
Drugs that produce analgesia
What is analgesia?
Reduction of pain without loss of all sensation but promotes a sense of relaxation and sleep
where does opioids derive from?
Opiates i.e opium is from opium poppy plants
what compounds make up opioids?
Semi synthetic and synthetic compounds
what acts on the opioid receptors?
Endogenous peptides
what is the effect on the brain of opioids?
neuroinflammation
what is the effect on the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of opioids?
pain and sensory perception
what is the effect on the lungs of opioids?
decrease resp and cancer
what is the effect on the adrenal gland due to opioids?
reduce cortisol
what is the effect on the intestine due to opioids?
constipation
what is the effect on brain neurons due to opioids?
feeding
pain
pleasure
stress
what is the effect of opioids on the heart?
cardioprotection
heart rate
What is the effect of opioids on the pancreas?
weight gain
what is the effect of opioids on the kidney?
Renal failure
Urinary retention
what is the effect of opioids on the skin?
analgesia
anti inflammation
slow wound healing
what is the effect of opioids on the immune system
immunosuppression
what is naloxone?
opioid receptor antagonist
what is the molecular component for codeine?
CH30
what is codeines effects?
less analgesic but also less side effects and less addictive but still very potent cough suppression
what is heroin converted too?
morphine
how is morphine converted to heroin?
by the addition of acetyl groups such as Lipophil so it can cross blood brain barrier more quickly
what does activation of opioid receptors inhibit?
neural activity or neurotransmitter release of neurons carrying the opioid receptor
what is pain?
an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
what is nociception?
the neural process of encoding noxious stimuli i.e stimuli causing tissue damage
what is chronic pain?
pain that lasts or recurs for longer than 3 morns
what is an ascending pain pathway?
PSN in DRG –> neuron in dorsal horn of spinal cord —> thalamus –>
what is a descending pain pathway?
they originate in midbrain regions, including periqueductal gray and inhibit pain processing
how do opioids inhibit pain processing?
disinhibit a descending pain pathway that inhibits pain and inhibit ascending
