cannabis and caffeine Flashcards
where is cannabis produced?
Weedlike Plant
what is the uses of cannabis ?
rope, cloth, paper, seeds used for oil and birdfeed
what is the psychoactive agent in cannabis?
THC
where in the plant is cannabis found ?
concentrated in sticky resin secreting the flowering tops of female plants
what is the 4 forms of cannabis ?
marijuana
sinsemilla
hashish (solid)
hash oil
what is marijuana and how is it smoked ?
Dried and crumbled leaves, small stems
Usually smoked in joints, pipes and bongs
what is sinsemilla?
pollination prevented
what is hashish?
prepared from resin and potency varies with concentration
what is hash oil?
reduced alcoholic extract where a single drop is placed in a joint
what is the content of THC?
Typical joint contains approximately 0.5-1g of cannabis
A joint with 1g of cannabis, 4% THC content contains 40mg of THC
THC content in of samples analyses in 1995 contain 4% THC raising to an average of 15% in 2015
what happens when you burn marijuana ?
Results in vaporisation of THC
What happens when the THC is absorbed?
20% is absorbed through lungs into the blood plasma
what increases absorption ? (black et al 1998)
increased by breath holding where there is an increased high with 15s breath hold vs 7s
What is the half life of cannabis?
20 - 30 hours
What is the administration effects of oral consumption ?
- Ingestion : metabolism in liver is then absorbed into blood plasma
- Slower delayed effects relative to smoking (smoking bypasses liver metabolism and goes straight from lungs to blood plasma)
- Effect is more sustained due to slower metabolism and absorption into blood plasma (lasting 4-8 hours)
What is the cannabinoid receptor ? (Devane 1988)
Cannabis receptor = CB1
What is the canniboid agonist ?
THC
What is the cannabinoid antagonist?
SR141716
What is the antagonist effect ? (huestis et al 2001)
Effects of marijuana attenuated by treatment of CB1 antagonist
Two groups : Placebo control and SR141716 group
What is the effects of CB1 antagonist (Richardson et al 1988)
SR 141716 induces hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity) and endocanabinoids decreases responsiveness to pain
what is varvel & lichtman (2002) effects of CB1 knockout ?
normal acquisition of spatial learning and impaired reversal learning
what is marsicano et al (2002) effects of CB1 knockout?
normal fear conditioning
impaired extinction
a deficit in unlearning/new learning
what is the buzz of cannabis (Iverson 2000)
brief perceptions of light headedness, dizziness and tingling sensations in the extremities
what is the high of cannabis? Iversen 2000
feelings of euphoria, exhilaration and disinhibition
what is being stoned like?
feelings of calmness
sensations of floating
slowing of perception of time
changes in sociability
what is the physiological effects of cannabis?
increased blood flow to skin
increase in heart rate
increase in hunger
what impairs verbal memory?
Oral THC administration which affects psychomotor functions
what is cognitive deficits ?
- cognitive tolerance in heavy users (hart et al 2001)
- dose dependant lose doses have relatively few effects (especially in heavy users)
- task dependent if task demands are high –> impaired performance
What are the 5 phases of rewarding effects of cannabis? (Tanda et al 2000)
Phase 0 : Intravenous cocaine –> lever press
Phase 1 : Extinguished with saline
Phase 2 : Intravenous THC –> lever press
Phase 3 : Effect abolished with CB1 antagonist
Phase 4 : Intravenous THC –> levels press
What is conditioned place preference?
Valjent and Maldonado (2000)
- Conditioned place preference with THC in mice
- Only works if mice pre exposed to THC in home cages
- First experience = aversive … then rewarding
