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Opioid Definition Flashcards

1
Q

What does the term opioid refer to

A

Opiates

Derived compounds

Natural and synthetic analogs

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2
Q

Endogenous opioids

A

Endorphins

Dynorphins

Enkephalins

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3
Q

Opiates example

A

Morphine

Codeine

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4
Q

Semisynthetic opioids example

A

Buprenorphine

Heroin

Oxycodone

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5
Q

Fully synthetic opioids example

A

Fentanyl

Methadone

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6
Q

What does endogenous mean

A

Natural opioids

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7
Q

Three receptors of opioids

A

Mu

Kappa

Delta

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8
Q

Which receptor are we mostly worried about

A

Mu

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9
Q

Location of Mu receptors

A

Brain regions : pain , respiration , and reward system

Spinal cord

GI system

Peripheral regions

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10
Q

Prefrontal cortex Mu receptors function

A

Executive functioning

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11
Q

Thalamus mu receptors binding

A

Pain receptor - analgesia

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12
Q

Part of the Brain that is associated with euphoria (mu receptors activation)

A

NAc and VTA

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13
Q

What happens when mu receptors are activated in CNS

A

Analgesia effect

Sedation

Euphoria

Pupil constriction (small)

Decrease : RR and HR

Nausea

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14
Q

Body response to mu receptor activation in gut

A

Decrease mobility - constipation

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15
Q

Positive reinforcement with Opioids

A

Opioids cause dopamine to release in the brainstem.

Our bodies like them

Seek out more opioids to get that reward feeling again

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16
Q

Negative reinforcement from Opioid usage

A

Decrease utilization of the amygdala blunts are ability to fear, become anxious or stress.

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17
Q

Opioid usage on PFC

A

When Opioids bind to the mu receptors of PFC, our ability to have executive function decreases.

We make bad decisions.

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18
Q

What causes vulnerability to SUDs

A

50/50

Part: Genetics

Part: Environment

19
Q

Full agonist

A

Completely binds to the receptor and activates it. Mimicks the NTs

20
Q

Full antagonist

A

Completely blocks receptors to not activate them (Reuptake Inhibitors)

21
Q

How does Naloxone bind to mu receptors

A

It acts as a full antagonist blocking the receptor

22
Q

How does Buprenorphine bind to mu receptors.

A

It is a partial agonist. It slightly activates the receptors but does not bind to all of them

23
Q

What is an example of a full agonist for Mu receptors

A

Methadone, Fentanyl, Morphine

24
Q

How does Buprenorphine work

A

It allows for some activation of Mu receptors, however, it can block of other portion of receptors as well. It is a maintenance drug.

25
Q

What type of class is Buprenorphine in

A

III

It is allowed office base (DATA 2000)

26
Q

How does precipitated withdrawal occur

A

A partial agonist (Buprenorphine as high affinity for receptors) knocks off full agonist from receptor causing a dip in activation.

“The partial agonist always win, do NOT decrease or d/c.”

It is important to discuss timing. Risk of too much agonist on receptors before the addition of a partial agonists.

27
Q

How does Naltrexone work:

A

Naltrexone blocks agonist for attaching to those mu receptors. Antagonist is out front like a goalie blocking the drug or NT to get into goal.

Use baseball analogy:

Agonist - fully in glove tight

partial agonist - in glove but not as tight

Antagonist: - Goalie, not in glove

28
Q

Tolerance

A

Needing more to produce the same effect

29
Q

Sx that develop from rapid tolerance

A

Euphoria

Analgesia

Nausea

Decreased respiration

30
Q

Sx that develop from little to no tolerance

A

Constipation

Pin point eyes

31
Q

How to lose tolerance

A

To go without that substance for a long time.

Often achieved in detox or with naltrexone usage.

32
Q

What does Opioid intoxication look like

A

Everything drops:

Low RR and HR

Hypotension

Hypothermia

Sedation

Slowed movement

Slurred speech

Pinpoint eyes

Lower pain and stress

33
Q

What does Opioid Overdose look like

A

Loss of consciousness

Pinpoint eyes

Decreased RR

No breathing

34
Q

Treatment for Opioid Overdose

A

Narcan

35
Q

Withdrawal

A

Abrupt stop of Opioids

36
Q

s/s of withdrawal

A

Everything goes faster:

Elevated HR

High blood pressure

Increased temp

Sweating

Runny Nose

GI issues (Cramps, diarrhea, nasuea)

Pupil dilation

Muscle spasms

37
Q

Onset of withdrawal for short acting Opioids

A

6 - 12 Hours

38
Q

Symptom peaks for short acting opioids

A

36 - 72

39
Q

How long is withdrawal for short acting opiods

A

roughly 5 days

40
Q

example of short acting opioids

A

Oxy, heroine

41
Q

Example of long acting opiods

A

Methadone

42
Q

Onset of withdrawal for long acting opioids

A

36 - 48

43
Q

Symptom peak for long acting opioids

A

72 hours

44
Q

Duration of withdrawal for long acting opioids

A

up to 3 weeks

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