Opiates and Opioid Drugs

Question 1

Nociception

Answer 1

• the ability to perceive or sense pain

- opiates produce “anti-nociception”

Question 2

Analgesia

Answer 2

Absence of pain in response to stimuli that are normallly painful without loss of consciousness

Question 3

Hyperalgesia

Answer 3

Extreme responsiveness to stimuli that are usually only modestly painful

Question 4

Allodynia

Answer 4

Pain caused by a stimulus that would not normally provoke pain

Question 5

What do analgesics do

Answer 5

Drugs that block the formation, impulse transmission in sensory nerves transmission in spinal/supraspinal pathways or central perception of pain

Question 6

Opium

Answer 6

Dried extract of the milky of seeds of the opium poppy plant

Question 7

Opiates

Answer 7

Naturally occuring alkaloids in opium plant seeds.

Question 8

Opioids

Answer 8

Drugs that mimic of block the actions of morphine at opioid receptors

Question 9

Drug classes are based upon

Answer 9

Abuse potential and medical utility

Question 10

Opioid receptors

Answer 10

Mu, kappa, delta

-most receptors are stimulated by morphine (agonist) and blocked by naloxone (antagonist)

Question 11

Morphine receptor class

Answer 11

Mu, delta, kappa agonist

Question 12

Fentany receptor class

Answer 12

My agonist

Question 13

Butorphanol receptor class

Answer 13

Partial mu agonist, kappa agonist

Question 14

Naloxone receptor class

Answer 14

Mu, delta, kappa antagonist

Question 15

Where are the highest densities of opioid receptors

Answer 15

Brain, spinal cord, GI tract

Question 16

Define mixed agonist antagonist

Answer 16

A drug that stimulates some receptor subtypes, but antagonizes other subtypes of the same receptor family

Question 17

Partial agonist

Answer 17

Drug that produces a submaximal effect, even at maximally effective concentrations

Question 18

Endogenous opioid peptides

Answer 18

A diverse group of peptides that are most prevalent in CNS and GI tissues
-considered to be the primary endogenous substances that activate opioid receptors

Question 19

Roles of endogenous opioid peptides

Answer 19

Known to be released in response to painful stimuli, prolonged intense physical exertion and fight or flight reponse

Question 20

Pharmacological actions of opioids

Answer 20

• opioids exert diverse and drug-specific actions with marked species dependent effects
• opioids depress CNS, GI, and Cv systems