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Pharm Test 2 > Antihistamines and Autacoid-Modifying Agents > Flashcards

Antihistamines and Autacoid-Modifying Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Autacoids

A
  • act like local hormaones
  • short duration of action
  • act near the site of synthesis/release
  • not blood borne
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2
Q

Where does histamine synthesis occur?

A

Mast cells and basophils, ECL cells and CNS

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3
Q

Where is histamine metabolized?

A

Liver

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4
Q

What does histamine do?

A
  • mediator of inflammation, anaphylaxis and gastric acid secretion
  • neurotransmitter
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5
Q

H1-antihistamines uses

A

Allergy, itching, nausea, motion sickness and insomnia

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6
Q

Diphenhydramine uses

A
  • acute allergic reaction
  • antipruritic
  • prevent reactions
  • motion sickness
  • mast cell tumor
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7
Q

Does diphenhydramine cross the BBB/

A

Yes

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8
Q

Adverse effects of diphenhydramine

A

CNS and anticholinergic

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9
Q

Cyproheptadine mechanism

A

Serotonin (5-HTP) antagonist

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10
Q

Cyproheptadine effects

A
  • appetite stimulant
  • antipruritic effect
  • horses: photic head shaking and PPID
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11
Q

Cyproheptadine adverse effects

A

CNS and anticholinergic

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12
Q

Meclizine uses

A

-motion sickness and vestibular disease

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13
Q

Meclizine mechanism of action

A
  • Only partial understood

- antiemetic action through CTZ

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14
Q

H2 Antihistamines characteristics

A
  • reversible competitive antagonists
  • gastric parietal cells
  • reduce gastric acid secretion
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15
Q

H3 and H4 antihistamine characteristics

A
  • not approved for clinical use
  • experimental models
  • improve attention and wakefulness
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16
Q

Serotonin synthesized from where, and found where? And stored where?

A
  • tryptophan
  • found in GI tissues (ECL cells), CNS and platelets
  • ECL cells 5-HT is stored in platelets
17
Q

Signs of serotonin overdose

A
  • neuro signs: seizures, depression, tremors, hyperestheisa and ataxia
  • Gi signs: vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypersalivation
  • other: hyperthermia, blindness
18
Q

Amphetamine inhibits what

A

Serotonin storage

19
Q

Amphetamines displace what

A

5-HT, dopamine and norepinephrine from storage vesicles

20
Q

Monoamin oxidase inhibitors inhibit? Types?

A
  • inhibit serotonin degradation

- MAOI-a and MAOI-b

21
Q

Selegiline type?

A

MOAI-b but also MAOI-a

22
Q

Selegiline treats? By?

A

-canine cognitive dysfunction by increasing dopamine activity

23
Q

Reuptake inhibitors do what

A

Increase extracellular 5-HT to treat anxiety, depression and OCD

24
Q

Clomipramine type?

A

Tricyclics antidepressant

25
Q

Clomipramine treats

A

OCD, anxiety and dominance aggression. Only FDA approved drug in dogs

26
Q

Fluoxetine type

A

Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor

27
Q

Fluoxetine treats?

A

Separation anxiety in conjunction with behavior modification plan

28
Q

Adverse effects of fluoxetine

A

Anorexia and seizures

29
Q

Mirtazapine type

A

5-HT2 and 5-HT3 inhibitor

- central alpha 2 receptor inhibitor (increase in NE)

30
Q

Mirtazapine effects

A
  • appetite stimulant
  • antiemetic
  • atypical antidepressant
  • adverse: drowsiness/sedation, vocalization, tachycardia
31
Q

Trazodone type

A

5-HT2 inhibitor and SSRI

-adjunctive anxiolytic

32
Q

Trazadone treats

A

Hospitalization related anxiety and post op recovery

33
Q

Trazadone effects

A
  • GI signs, ataxia, hypotension

- less cardiovascular effects

34
Q

Cisapride type

A

-5-HT4 agonist

35
Q

Cisapride effects

A
  • enhances AcH release
  • prokinetic
  • adverse: well tolerated
36
Q

Cisapride treats

A

GI stasis, reflux esophagitis, constipation/megacolon

37
Q

Ondansetron type

A
  • serotonin receptor agonist
  • receptors in vagal nerve terminals and CTZ
  • controversial in cats, well tolerated in dogs

Pharm Test 2 (8 decks)

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