Anti-epileptic Flashcards
Phenobarbital time and class
- long acting barbiturate with excellent anti-seizure properties
- classified as a sedative agent
Phenobarbital mechanism
- involves GABA activation of GABA-A receptor
Phenobarbital DEA
Controlled class 4 agent
Phenobarbital administration
- produces a state of “physical dependence” (withdrawal symptoms)
Phenobarb pharmacokinetics
- demonstrates a very notable change in pharmacokinetics following chronic administration in many animals
- “induction” of liver microsomal enzymes
Phenobarb drug interactions
- induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes (increased rate of drug metabolism, decreased clinical efficacy)
- binds griseofulvin which decreases drug absoprtion
Phenobarb and endocrine function
Decreased TT4 and increased TSH
-increased metabolism and clearance
Potassium bromide: controlled, uses, used in
- not controlled
- not approved by FDA
- causes generalized sedation with anti-convulsants action at higher doses
- used in dogs and cats
Potassium bromide: actions
Diminished by increased chloride concentration (hyperchloremia)
-low salt diet promotes Br action
How is Potassium bromide given
- IV NaBr not KBr
- readily absorbed through skin and mucous membranes, avoid contact with skin
Zonisamide: metabolism
Metabolized by the liver
Levetiracetam: inhibits, used in
- inhibits synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, technically blocks Ca channels to prevent neurotransmitter release
- safe in cats and rabbits
Drugs that are CNS stimulants
Doxapram (medullary) and caffeine (cortical)
Doxapram: class, action, used
- respiratory stimulant
- central and peripheral actions (stimulates brainstem resp. Center stage
- action is not highly specific
What is theophylline used as
Bronchodilator
