Opiate Overdose Flashcards
what is an opioid
a synthetic or natural agent which stimulates opioid receptors producing opium life effects
what are different types of opiates
codeine
morphine
heroin
why do people become addicted to opiates
due to the euphoric effect
where are opiates derived from
opium poppy, papaver somniferum
what happens with an opiate overdose
CNS + respiratory depression resulting miosis (constriction) and apnoea
what are the effects of opiates on the brain
euphoria
sedation
chronic painkiller
what mental health condition is associated with opiate use
depression
what are the effects of opiates on the respiratory system
respiratory depression
what are the effects of opiates on the GI system
slows digestion leading to constipation
what are the effects of opiates on the nervous system
if used chronicly can lead to hyperalgesia (syndrome of increased sensitivity to pain)
what are the effects of opiates on the immune system
immunosuppression (infection)
what are the effects of opiates on the liver
liver damage
which opioid is most associated with mortality
heroin
epi
most common in young males who are IV heroin users
aetiology
complications of substance abuse in regular users or abusers unintential overdose intential overdose (suicide) iatrogenic overdose
what defines a severe opioid overdose
life threatening respiratory depression
risk factors
opioid abuse and dependence
recent abstinence in chronic users (ex-prisoners)
why are ex-prisoners more likely to have an opiod overdose
abstinence while in prison so their tolerance decreases
what are features of an opioid overdose
miosis (constriction)
bradypnoea (respiratory depression)
drowsy and sleepy
what response is there to naloxone
dramatic response to naloxone which blocks the effects of opioids
what is the diagnostic test for opioid overdose
response to naloxone
how is opioid overdose diagnosed
history and examiantion
what is the triad of findings which indicate opioid overdose
1 CNS depression (sleepiness or drowsiness)
2 respiratory depression
3 miosis (constriction)
a patient with QRS prolongation and features of opiate overdose is most likely to have taken what drug
propoxyphene
what is the first line investigation and gold standard investigation for opioid overdose
naloxone with reversal of overdose signs
