Ophthalmology

Question 1

<p>what happens in a blowout #?</p>

Answer 1

<p>blast to somewhere in the head is transmitted to another bone, causing a #</p>

Question 2

<p>what bones are usually # in blowout?</p>

Answer 2

<p>maxilla or ethmoid</p>

Question 3

<p>innervation of orbicularis oculi?</p>

Answer 3

<p>CN7</p>

Question 4

<p>what parts of orbicularis oculi do what?</p>

Answer 4

<p>palpebral closes gently, orbital portion closes tightly

| </p>

Question 5

<p>innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?</p>

Answer 5

<p>CN3</p>

Question 6

<p>function of levator palpebrae superioris?</p>

Answer 6

<p>raises eyelid</p>

Question 7

<p>what innervates the lacrimal gland?</p>

Answer 7

<p>CN7</p>

Question 8

<p>path of tears?</p>

Answer 8

<p>across cornea
puncta lacrimalia
canaliculus
lacrimal sac
nasolacrimal duct
inf meatus (below inferior conchae)</p>

Question 9

Answer 9

<p>1. cornea</p>

<p>2. lens</p>

<p>3. iris</p>

<p>4. ciliary body and ciliary muscle</p>

<p>5. optic part of retina</p>

<p>6. choroid</p>

<p>7. sclera</p>

<p>8. fovea centralis (in macula)</p>

<p>9. optic nerve</p>

<p>10. vitreous body</p>

<p>11. anterior chamber</p>

<p></p>

<p></p>

Question 10

what controls sphincter pupillae?

Answer 10

CN3

Question 11

what does sphincter pupillae do?

Answer 11

constricts the pupil in bright light

Question 12

what does dilator pupillae do?

Answer 12

dilates pupil

Question 13

out of sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae, which is para/symp?

Answer 13

sphincter - parasympathetic

dilator - sympathetic

Question 14

what muscle of the eye is supplied by CN6?

Answer 14

lateral rectus

Question 15

what eye muscle is supplied by CN4?

Answer 15

superior oblique

Question 16

what muscles are supplied by CN3?

Answer 16

medial rectus
inferior rectus
inferior oblique
(inferior branch)

superior rectus
LPS
(superior branch)

Question 17

what does the ciliary muscle encircle?

Answer 17

the lens

Question 18

when lens is relaxed (thin), what happens to the muscles?

Answer 18

ciliary muscles relax

suspensory ligaments are TENSE

Question 19

when lens is fat, what happens to the muscles?

Answer 19

ciliary muscles contract

suspensory ligaments are relieved

Question 20

what is a thin lens good for seeing?

Answer 20

far away

Question 21

what is a fat lens good for seeing?

Answer 21

near vision

Question 22

what holds the eye above the floor of the orbit?

Answer 22

suspensory ligament of the eye

Question 23

what can occur with a # zygoma?

Answer 23

diplopia

LOS to midface

Question 24

what branches supply what in the face?

Answer 24

CNV1 - upper and nose
2 - middle
3 - lower

Question 25

sensory supply of cornea?

Answer 25

CNV1

Question 26

AP conduction route in the blink reflex?

Answer 26

conducted in CNV1 to trigeminal ganglia then pons | then to CN7 to orbicularis oculi

Question 27

what carries sympathetic axons into the orbit?

Answer 27

ophthalmic artery

Question 28

what are the parasympathetic CNs?

Answer 28

3, 7, 9, 10

Question 29

what nerve carries presynaptic parasympathetic nerves to the ciliary ganglion?

Answer 29

CN3

Question 30

what is the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Answer 30

turning eyes opposite to the direction of head movement

Question 31

what is the oculocardiac reflex?

Answer 31

bradycardia in response to tension on the extraocular muscles/pressure on the eye

Question 32

nerve connections in vestibulo-ocular reflex?

Answer 32

CN 3,4,6,8

Question 33

nerve connections in oculocardiac reflex?

Answer 33

CNV1, X

Question 34

focusing on near objects is parasympathetic/sympathetic?

Answer 34

parasympathetic

Question 35

focusing on far objects is parasympathetic/sympathetic?

Answer 35

sympathetic

Question 36

what type of drugs enlarge the pupil?

Answer 36

mydriatic

Question 37

symptoms of horners synrome?

Answer 37

ptosis miosis anhydrosis enopthlamos

Question 38

what pathology can cause a fixed dilated pupil?

Answer 38

CN3

Question 39

what are the two types of light reflex?

Answer 39

direct | consensual

Question 40

what nerves relay the light reflex?

Answer 40

ipsilateral CN2 connections in the thalamus bilateral CN3 (motor)

Question 41

pathway of sympathetic nerves supply when opening the eyes wider?

Answer 41

``` superior cervical sympathetic ganglion interal carotid nerve internal carotid plexus opthalmic artery (carries nerves) levator palpabrae superioris ```