Ophthalmology

Question 1

Funduscopy of the right eye should be made in the following order, except:
A) the examiner sits or stands on the right side of the patient
B) the retinoscope is held in the right hand of the examiner and he/she examines with the right eye
C) possibly performs the examination in a dark room
D) the left hand is positioned on the forehead of the patient and with her/his thumb lifts the upper eyelid
E) asks the patient to look directly into the light

Answer 1

E) asks the patient to look directly into the light

Question 2

The following reflexes are needed to watch nearby objects, except:
A) convergence
B) pupillary dilation
C) contraction of the ciliary muscle
D) thickening of the crystalline lens
E) enlarged refraction

Answer 2

B) pupillary dilation

Question 3

The most important cause of the visual deterioration in people over 80 years:
A) diabetes mellitus
B) myopia
C) age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
D) glaucoma
E) cataract

Answer 3

C) age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Question 4

The most important early characteristics of hypertensive retinopathy:
A) arteriovenous crossing
B) constriction of arterioles
C) widening of the light reflex of the arterioles
D) copper wire arterioles
E) silver wire arterioles

Answer 4

B) constriction of arterioles

Question 5

The one-sided subconjunctival hemorrhage which is not associated with pain, nor visual disturbances refers to:
A) acute glaucomatous attack
B) usually thrombocytopenia is in the background
C) usually it is caused by arteriolosclerosis
D) urgent, severe ophthalmic disturbance which needs emergency care
E) usually harmless idiopathic disturbance

Answer 5

E) usually harmless idiopathic disturbance

Question 6

In a teenager boy due to eye trauma the vision decreases suddenly. The physical examination reveals blood in the anterior chamber. This is called:
A) hypopyon
B) conjunctival hemorrhage
C) corneal abrasion
D) hyphema
E) vitreous hemorrhage

Answer 6

D) hyphema

Question 7

Which is the most characteristic visual field defect from the followings in a hypophyseal tumor?
A) complete homonym hemianopsia
B) lower homonym hemianopsia
C) bitemporal hemianopsia
D) upper homonym hemianopsia
E) monocular blindness

Answer 7

C) bitemporal hemianopsia

Question 8

Red eye can be observed in the followings, except:
A) keratitis cum hypopyo
B) acute conjunctivitis
C) acute glaucomatous attack
D) acute iridocyclitis
E) corneal sign of the Wilson disease

Answer 8

E) corneal sign of the Wilson disease

Question 9

The most likely diagnose in case of multiple, small, light diffuse retinal changes, if no other retinal pathology can be observed:
A) inveterated chorioretinitis
B) hypertensive retinopathy
C) diabetic retinopathy
D) drusen
E) sclerosis of the retinal arterioles

Answer 9

D) drusen

Question 10

If you observe in front of the retina a semicircle, in the upper part a horizontal shape hemorrhage during funduscopy, what do you think?
A) superficial intraretinal hemorrhage
B) preretinal hemorrhage
C) deep intraretinal hemorrhage
D) vitreous hemorrhage
E) chorioideal hemorrhage

Answer 10

B) preretinal hemorrhage

Question 11

The malignant melanoma of the eye can be differentiated most accurately from the benign nevus by which of the following signs?
A) colour
B) shape
C) size
D) localization
E) does it lift (grows) above the plane of the retina

Answer 11

E) does it lift (grows) above the plane of the retina

Question 12

The venous pulsation within the papilla:
A) normal sign
B) means enlarged intracranial pressure
C) can be observed following retinal vein occlusion
D) glaucoma should be suspected / anticipated
E) sign of papillitis

Answer 12

A) normal sign

Question 13

A patient perceives a sudden opacity in front of one eye. Some weeks later a progressive peripheral visual field defect is started in that particular eye. The most likely diagnosis:
A) retinitis pigmentosa
B) luxation of the crystalline lens
C) iritis
D) macular degeneration
E) retinal detachment

Answer 13

E) retinal detachment

Question 14

The cause of bilateral exophthalmos:
A) orbital pseudotumor
B) lymphoma
C) thyroid induced exophthalmos
D) dermoid
E) tumor of the cavernous sinus

Answer 14

C) thyroid induced exophthalmos

Question 15

The meaning of the chemosis:
A) conjunctivitis
B) bleeding in the anterior chamber
C) conjunctival edema
D) scleral bleeding
E) periorbital edema

Answer 15

C) conjunctival edema

Question 16

Normal intraocular pressure does not exceed:
A) 7 mmHg
B) 11 mmHg
C) 14 mmHg
D) 18 mmHg
E) 22 mmHg

Answer 16

E) 22 mmHg

Question 17

The most important urgent thing to do in case caustic (chemical) damage of the surface of the eye:
A) to remove the caustic materials and to wash out the eye with ample water
B) antibiotic eye drops hourly
C) subconjunctival corticosteroid injection
D) to pad the eye
E) referral to hospital (inpatient)

Answer 17

A) to remove the caustic materials and to wash out the eye with ample water

Question 18

Ectropium often presents together with:
A) pterygium
B) entropium
C) pinguecula
D) epiphora
E) ptosis

Answer 18

D) epiphora

Question 19

A 25-year-old male patient complains in the emergency room of having an inflamed red eye. Fluorescein staining shows branch like corneal ulcer. The most likely diagnosis:
A) corneal abrasion
B) foreign body in the cornea
C) heat induced corneal damage
D) bacterial origin of corneal inflammation (keratitis)
E) herpetic infection

Answer 19

E) herpetic infection

Question 20

The diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy can be established by the following signs:
A) cotton-wool type degenerative spots
B) microaneurysms
C) neovascularization
D) point-like bleedings
E) retinal edema

Answer 20

C) neovascularization

Question 21

A 67 year-old man suddenly loses his vision in the right eye. Funduscopy reveals a pale retina, in the macular area a cherry-red spot can be detected. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A) occlusion of the central retinal vein
B) multiple sclerosis
C) carotidal aneurysm
D) diabetic retinopathy
E) occlusion of the central retinal artery

Answer 21

E) occlusion of the central retinal artery

Question 22

From the below mentioned symptoms which might be found both in keratitis, iritis, and in acute glaucomatous attack?
A) corneal precipitates
B) corneal blur
C) dilated pupil
D) circumcorneal or ciliary injection
E) subconjunctival bleeding

Answer 22

D) circumcorneal or ciliary injection

Question 23

In which disease can occur the so called “band keratopathy”?
A) syphilis
B) hyperlipidemia
C) older age
D) hypercalcemia
E) Wilson disease

Answer 23

D) hypercalcemia

Question 24

In case of dry eye syndrome, which examination should be performed first?
A) conjunctival biopsy
B) tonometry
C) Schirmer test
D) fluorescein staining of the cornea
E) measuring the lizozyme enzyme activity

Answer 24

C) Schirmer test

Question 25

The most frequent complication of severe myopia
A) posterior uveitis
B) cataract
C) angioid streaks
D) atrophic chorioideal area in the posterior pole
E) iris rubeosis

Answer 25

D) atrophic chorioideal area in the posterior pole

Question 26

The therapeutic effects of the lasers can be mostly used in:
A) refractive surgery
B) the fundus changes caused by diabetes mellitus
C) conjunctival suffusion
D) endogenous uveitis
E) malposition of the lids

Answer 26

B) the fundus changes caused by diabetes mellitus

Question 27

In which of the below listed diseases you would suspect retinal microaneurysm regarding differential diagnosis?
A) diabetes mellitus
B) retinal branch (venous) occlusion
C) hypertensive retinopathy
D) hereditary retinal degeneration
E) occlusion of retinal artery

Answer 27

A) diabetes mellitus

Question 28

Characteristics of senile macular degeneration, except:
A) slow progression
B) does not cause full blindness
C) peripheral vision is affected
D) it can be confused with systemic disease

Answer 28

C) peripheral vision is affected

Question 29

In case of malfunction of the rectus superior muscle in which direction of the looking is affected?
A) inward and downward
B) outward and downward
C) inward and upward
D) upward
E) outward and upward

Answer 29

C) inward and upward

Question 30

In narrow (closed) angle glaucoma which of the below mentioned medication is contraindicated?
A) betoptic
B) atropine
C) acetazolamide
D) pilocarpin

Answer 30

B) atropine

Question 31

In which of the below mentioned diseases causing dry eye syndromes?
A) ankylopoietic spondylarthrosis
B) Sjögren syndrome
C) paresis of the facial nerve
D) Horner syndrome

Answer 31

B) Sjögren syndrome

Question 32

In an aphakic state following cataract operation which of the below listed provides the best correction?
A) contact lens
B) intraocular artificial lens
C) spectacles
D) refractive surgery (PRK)

Answer 32

B) intraocular artificial lens

Question 33

With the pseudoisochromatic charts can be examined the:
A) adaptation
B) accommodation
C) colour perception disturbances
D) anomalic quotiens
E) fusion frequency

Answer 33

C) colour perception disturbances

Question 34

From the below listed questions, choose the incorrect sentence
A) In the cornea and sclera collagen fibres can be founded
B) the physiologic function of the Schlemm’s channels to drain the aqueous from the anterior chamber
C) the anterior and posterior surface of the iris is covered by multilayer squamous epithelium
D) parts of the uvea: iris, ciliary body, chorioid

Answer 34

C) the anterior and posterior surface of the iris is covered by multilayer squamous epithelium

Question 35

Among the below listed structure-funtion pairs which one is incorrect?
A) ciliary processes – aqueous production
B) sclera – insertion site of the extraocular muscles
C) lacrimal gland - to produce serous liquid
D) papilla (optic nerve head) – place of sharp vision

Answer 35

D) papilla (optic nerve head) – place of sharp vision

Question 36

In case of damage of the visual pathway which of the below listed visual filed defect does not correlate with the anatomical localization?
A) crossing fibers of the chiasm – bitemporal heteronym hemianopia
B) left optical tract – right sided homonym hemianopsia
C) left lingular gyrus – right sided lower quadrant anopia
D) left temporal lobe – right sided upper quadrant anopia

Answer 36

C) left lingular gyrus – right sided lower quadrant anopia

Question 37

Which of the below listed nerves is damaged least of all by a tumour localized in the posterior part of the skull (posterior scala)?
A) hypoglossal nerve
B) facial nerve
C) optic nerve
D) vagal nerve

Answer 37

C) optic nerve

Question 38

Which of the below listed entities not leading to the medial concha?
A) medial ethmoideal cells
B) nasolacrimal duct
C) maxillary sinus
D) frontal sinus

Answer 38

B) nasolacrimal duct

Question 39

Which is not a cause of the glaucoma from the below listed entities?
A) closed chamber angle
B) pupillary block
C) obstruction of Schlemm channels
D) damage of the secretory epithelium of the ciliary body
E) obstruction of the trabecular meshwork around the Fontana spaces

Answer 39

D) damage of the secretory epithelium of the ciliary body

Question 40

The cause of retinal cotton-wool spots:
1) lipid deposition
2) drusen
3) chorioiditis
4) infarct of the retinal nerve fibers

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

Answer 40

D) only 4th answer is correct

Question 41

Which of the below listed originating from the ectoderm?
1) sclera
2) crystalline lens
3) chorioid
4) retina

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

Answer 41

C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct

Question 42

At the contraction of the ciliary muscle:
1) decreasing the pulling effect of the lens zonules
2) the crystalline lens thickens
3) the refractive power increased
4) the pupil dilates

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

Answer 42

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

Question 43

Function of the vitreous:
1) to transmit the light
2) to support the crystalline lens and retina
3) to deliver metabolic products to the retina
4) tear production

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

Answer 43

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct