ophthalmology

Question 1

Glaucoma signs and symptoms

Answer 1

Fixed, mid dilated pupil and oedematous cornea
pigment is rubbed off the iris due to contact with lens and so blocks drainage
Trauma

Elevation of IOP
Optic Nerve Head damage
Loss of Visual Field
Compromised drainage angle

Question 2

Cataract signs and symptoms

Answer 2

Gradual deterioration in vision
Myopic shift (causing mild-mod myopia)
Flare in bright sunlight/car headlights

Question 3

Papilloedema signs and symptoms

Answer 3

Space occupying lesion
Cerebral oedema
Raised intracranial pressure results in:
Venous engorgement
Loss of venous pulsation
Haemorrhage at the optic nerve head
Blurring of the optic disc margins
Elevation of the optic disc

Question 4

Optic Neuritis signs and symptoms

Answer 4

Clinical Features:
Pain esp. on eye movement
Loss of vision in one eye
Photopsia
Visual field loss
Colour desaturation (red)

Question 5

Hypertensive Retinopathy signs and symptoms

Answer 5

mild arteriolar attenuation
more significant attenuation with AV nicking
copper wiring, flame haem, cotton wool spots
all of the above + silver wiring /disc swelling

Question 6

Diabetic Retinopathy signs and symtopms

Answer 6

Microaneurysm
Haemorrhage
Oedema = Cotton Wool Spots
Neovascularization

Question 7

Retinitis Pigmentosa signs and symptoms