general

Question 1

Fine Hair sign of?

Answer 1

Hyperthyroidism

Question 2

Course Hair sign of?

Answer 2

Hypothyroidism

Question 3

Tiny white Ovoid granules sign of?

Answer 3

nits (lice eggs)

Question 4

Scalp Redness sign of?

Answer 4

Eczema

Question 5

Scalp Redness with plaques sign of?

Answer 5

Psoriasis

Question 6

Soft lumps on the scalp sign of?

Answer 6

pilar cysts

Question 7

Pigmented Nevi (moles) sign of?

Answer 7

May raise concern for melanoma

Question 8

Facial Expression Asymmetry sign of ?

Answer 8

Bells palsy

Question 9

Hirsutism may occur in women with?

Answer 9

polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 10

Moon Face Red Cheeks Excessive Hair Growth
signs of ?

Answer 10

Cushings Syndrome

Question 11

Swelling around the eyes Pale looking Puffy face signs of?

Answer 11

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 12

Discharge from the ear sign of?

Answer 12

Acute Otitis Extern and acute / chronic otitis media with performation – yellow / green discharge. ruptured tympanic membrane
fracture- csf leak

Question 13

tophi on the ear helix sign of?

Answer 13

Gout due to uric acid deposits

Question 14

eye brow hair loss sign of ?

Answer 14

SLE, hypothyroidism

Question 15

ptosis sign of?

Answer 15

horners syndrome and myasthenia gravis

Question 16

eye lid retraction sign of?

Answer 16

hyperthyroidism, graves disease

Question 17

dry eyes a sign of?

Answer 17

Sjogren’s, RA, SLE, Scleroderma

Question 18

Yellow Eyes – Sclera a sign of?

Answer 18

Sign of Jaundice
Usually associated with Liver disease

Question 19

Grey / White ring, common in elderly
a sign of?

Answer 19

called Arcus Senilis
sign of lipids deposit

Question 20

Brown Ring around the eye
sign of?

Answer 20

called a Kayser- Fleisher Ring
caused by copper deposits
sign of wilsons disease

Question 21

Pale Conjunctiva sign of?

Answer 21

Anaemia, Hypotensive Shock

Question 22

lack of a red light reflex is a sign of?

Answer 22

Absence caused by opacities (dense cataracts = white reflex), retinal detachment

Question 23

Hyperpigmented Gums (and other mucosa)
a sign of?

Answer 23

Addison’s – adrenal failure causing secondary ^ACTH which also over stimulates melanocytes

Question 24

enlarged thyroid sign of?

Answer 24

Goitre

Question 25

Tracheal deviation that Deviates away from affected side sign of?

Answer 25

Tension Pneumothorax Pleural Effusion Large Mass

Question 26

Tracheal deviation Towards affected side sign of?

Answer 26

Atelectasis (collapsed lung) Pleural fibrosis

Question 27

tender/enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) sign of?

Answer 27

Usually related to Infection e.g. URTI, Mononucleosis (EBV), Tonsillitis Occasionally related to tumour e.g. metastases or Leukaemia or Lymphoma

Question 28

elevated jvp a sign of?

Answer 28

Can suggests R sided heart failure

Question 29

Nailbed trauma (subungual haematoma) sign of?

Answer 29

Consider melanoma if doesn’t grow out Most commonly cause by trapping/crushing

Question 30

Onycholisis Painless separation of nail sign of?

Answer 30

psoriasis, but also with fungal infections

Question 31

Splinter Haemorrhages in the nail sign of?

Answer 31

Vasulitis infective endocarditis, SLE, RA and Psoriatic arthritis

Question 32

nail pitting a sign of?

Answer 32

Psoriatic Arthritis psoriasis, reactive arthritis (Reiter’s) Autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis, SLE

Question 33

clubbing of the fingernails sign of?

Answer 33

Lung cancer, chronic pulmonary suppuration, infective endocarditis, cyanotic heart disease, congenital, HIV, IBS, malignancies

Question 34

Café au lait spots larger than 1.5 cm or more than 5 sign of

Answer 34

neurofibromatosis

Question 35

Small weak/thready pulses sign of?

Answer 35

Heart failure; hypovolemia; aortic stenosis

Question 36

Large, bounding pulses sign of?

Answer 36

Fever; anaemia; hyperthyroidism; aortic regurgitation; AV fistula; patent ductus arteriosus, atherosclerosis

Question 37

normal jvp measurement from sterna angle?

Answer 37

3-4cm

Question 38

normal bp value?

Answer 38

<120/80mm Hg

Question 39

pre-hypertensive bp?

Answer 39

>120/80 to 140/90

Question 40

stage 1 hypertension bp?

Answer 40

>140/90 to 160/100

Question 41

stage 2 hypertension bp?

Answer 41

>160/>100

Question 42

Causes of acute Dyspnoea?

Answer 42

Pneumothorax Pneumonia PE (pulmonary embolism) Asthma COPD Acute respiratory distress Airway obstruction (foreign object, hypersensitivity)

Question 43

Causes of chronic Dyspnoea?

Answer 43

Asthma COPD Emphysema Lung cancer Bronchiectasis Cystic fibrosis Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 44

Causes of Wheezing?

Answer 44

Caused by narrowing of the airways Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis

Question 45

normal breathing rate?

Answer 45

Normal 14-18 per minute approximately

Question 46

causes of Diaphragmatic paralysis?

Answer 46

Very uncommon cause of dyspnoea “C3,4 and 5, keeps your diaphragm alive” Paralysis (unilateral or bilateral) means accessory muscles have to do all the work Muscles fatigue damage to the phrenic nerve

Question 47

Hyperresonant Sounds of the lung a sign of?

Answer 47

hyperinflation of the lung COPD, acute asthma attack, pneumothorax

Question 48

lowed voice sounds a sign of?

Answer 48

consolidated lung such as in pneumonia