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diagnosis > general > Flashcards

general Flashcards

1
Q

Fine Hair sign of?

A

Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

Course Hair sign of?

A

Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Tiny white Ovoid granules sign of?

A

nits (lice eggs)

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4
Q

Scalp Redness sign of?

A

Eczema

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5
Q

Scalp Redness with plaques sign of?

A

Psoriasis

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6
Q

Soft lumps on the scalp sign of?

A

pilar cysts

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7
Q

Pigmented Nevi (moles) sign of?

A

May raise concern for melanoma

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8
Q

Facial Expression Asymmetry sign of ?

A

Bells palsy

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9
Q

Hirsutism may occur in women with?

A

polycystic ovary syndrome

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10
Q

Moon Face Red Cheeks Excessive Hair Growth
signs of ?

A

Cushings Syndrome

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11
Q

Swelling around the eyes Pale looking Puffy face signs of?

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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12
Q

Discharge from the ear sign of?

A

Acute Otitis Extern and acute / chronic otitis media with performation – yellow / green discharge. ruptured tympanic membrane
fracture- csf leak

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13
Q

tophi on the ear helix sign of?

A

Gout due to uric acid deposits

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14
Q

eye brow hair loss sign of ?

A

SLE, hypothyroidism

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15
Q

ptosis sign of?

A

horners syndrome and myasthenia gravis

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16
Q

eye lid retraction sign of?

A

hyperthyroidism, graves disease

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17
Q

dry eyes a sign of?

A

Sjogren’s, RA, SLE, Scleroderma

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18
Q

Yellow Eyes – Sclera a sign of?

A

Sign of Jaundice
Usually associated with Liver disease

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19
Q

Grey / White ring, common in elderly
a sign of?

A

called Arcus Senilis
sign of lipids deposit

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20
Q

Brown Ring around the eye
sign of?

A

called a Kayser- Fleisher Ring
caused by copper deposits
sign of wilsons disease

21
Q

Pale Conjunctiva sign of?

A

Anaemia, Hypotensive Shock

22
Q

lack of a red light reflex is a sign of?

A

Absence caused by opacities (dense cataracts = white reflex), retinal detachment

23
Q

Hyperpigmented Gums (and other mucosa)
a sign of?

A

Addison’s – adrenal failure causing secondary ^ACTH which also over stimulates melanocytes

24
Q

enlarged thyroid sign of?

A

Goitre

25
Q

Tracheal deviation that Deviates away from affected side sign of?

A

Tension Pneumothorax
Pleural Effusion
Large Mass

26
Q

Tracheal deviation Towards affected side sign of?

A

Atelectasis (collapsed lung)
Pleural fibrosis

27
Q

tender/enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) sign of?

A

Usually related to Infection e.g. URTI, Mononucleosis (EBV), Tonsillitis
Occasionally related to tumour e.g. metastases or Leukaemia or Lymphoma

28
Q

elevated jvp a sign of?

A

Can suggests R sided heart failure

29
Q

Nailbed trauma (subungual haematoma) sign of?

A

Consider melanoma if doesn’t grow out
Most commonly cause by trapping/crushing

30
Q

Onycholisis
Painless separation of nail sign of?

A

psoriasis, but also with fungal infections

31
Q

Splinter Haemorrhages in the nail sign of?

A

Vasulitis
infective endocarditis,
SLE,
RA and Psoriatic arthritis

32
Q

nail pitting a sign of?

A

Psoriatic Arthritis
psoriasis,
reactive arthritis (Reiter’s)
Autoimmune diseases such as sarcoidosis, SLE

33
Q

clubbing of the fingernails sign of?

A

Lung cancer, chronic pulmonary suppuration, infective endocarditis, cyanotic heart disease, congenital, HIV, IBS, malignancies

34
Q

Café au lait spots larger than 1.5 cm or more than 5 sign of

A

neurofibromatosis

35
Q

Small weak/thready pulses sign of?

A

Heart failure; hypovolemia; aortic stenosis

36
Q

Large, bounding pulses sign of?

A

Fever; anaemia; hyperthyroidism; aortic regurgitation; AV fistula; patent ductus arteriosus, atherosclerosis

37
Q

normal jvp measurement from sterna angle?

A

3-4cm

38
Q

normal bp value?

A

<120/80mm Hg

39
Q

pre-hypertensive bp?

A

> 120/80 to 140/90

40
Q

stage 1 hypertension bp?

A

> 140/90 to 160/100

41
Q

stage 2 hypertension bp?

A

> 160/>100

42
Q

Causes of acute Dyspnoea?

A

Pneumothorax
Pneumonia
PE (pulmonary embolism)
Asthma
COPD
Acute respiratory distress
Airway obstruction (foreign object, hypersensitivity)

43
Q

Causes of chronic Dyspnoea?

A

Asthma
COPD
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis

44
Q

Causes of Wheezing?

A

Caused by narrowing of the airways
Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis, Cystic Fibrosis

45
Q

normal breathing rate?

A

Normal 14-18 per minute approximately

46
Q

causes of Diaphragmatic paralysis?

A

Very uncommon cause of dyspnoea
“C3,4 and 5, keeps your diaphragm alive”
Paralysis (unilateral or bilateral) means accessory muscles have to do all the work
Muscles fatigue
damage to the phrenic nerve

47
Q

Hyperresonant Sounds of the lung a sign of?

A

hyperinflation of the lung
COPD, acute asthma attack, pneumothorax

48
Q

lowed voice sounds a sign of?

A

consolidated lung such as in pneumonia

diagnosis (9 decks)

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