Abdominal Flashcards
Endometriosis signs and symptoms
Pelvic pain, which can range from mild to severe and may worsen during menstruation
Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)
Pain during or after sex (dyspareunia)
Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant
Painful bowel movements or urination during menstrual periods
Fatigue or low energy
Painful bloating or abdominal discomfort
Heavy menstrual bleeding or irregular periods
Painful bladder syndrome (interstitial cystitis)
Digestive issues, such as diarrhea or constipation
Pancreatitis signs and symptoms
Abdominal pain, which may be severe and located in the upper abdomen or back
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite or feeling full quickly
Rapid pulse
Fever
Swollen and tender abdomen
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Low blood pressure
Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
Mental confusion or agitation (in severe cases)
Appendicitis signs and symptoms
Abdominal pain, which typically starts around the navel and then moves to the lower right side of the abdomen
Loss of appetite
Nausea and vomiting
Fever and chills
Swollen abdomen
Constipation or diarrhea
Inability to pass gas
Feeling of fullness or bloating
Painful urination
Low-grade fever
Crohn’s disease signs and symptoms
Abdominal pain and cramping
Diarrhea, which may be bloody
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue or weakness
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
Mouth sores
Joint pain or swelling
Skin rashes or lesions
can experience flame ups and remissions in periods
Ulcerative Collitis signs and symptoms
Diarrhea, which may be bloody or contain mucus
Abdominal pain and cramping
Urgency to have a bowel movement
Rectal pain or bleeding
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue or weakness
Fever
Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Joint pain or swelling
may come and go
Polycystic ovaries signs and symptoms
Irregular periods or no periods at all
Heavy periods
Excess hair growth on the face, chest, back, or buttocks (hirsutism)
Acne or oily skin
Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)
Darkening of the skin, especially in skin folds
Skin tags
Sleep apnea
Ectopic pregnancy signs and symptoms
Vaginal bleeding, which may be light or heavy
Nausea and vomiting
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Pain in the shoulder or neck
Painful urination or bowel movements
Weakness or fainting
Rapid heartbeat
Low blood pressure
Rectal pressure
GORD signs and symptoms
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest
Regurgitation, which is a sour or bitter taste in the mouth
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Chronic cough
Asthma symptoms, such as coughing and wheezing
Hoarseness or a change in voice
Sore throat
Chest pain or discomfort
Nausea or vomiting
Tooth decay or erosion
Barrett’s Oesophagus signs and symptoms
Clinical presentation
are those of an oesophagitis
>5yr heartburn
Dysphagia for solids
Less frequently chest pain and haematemesis or melaena
Non-specific physical findings
Ranges from epigastric tenderness to no symptoms
Pernicious Anaemia signs and symptoms
‘Lack of B12 absorption or folate ‘
Tongue soreness and angular cheilitis (common)
Nonspecific Symptoms – tiredness, weakness
Peripheral neuropathy or in severe cases
Fatigue or weakness
Shortness of breath
Pale skin
Rapid heartbeat
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet
Muscle weakness
Difficulty walking or balance problems
Jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and eyes
Smooth, beefy-red tongue
Mouth ulcers
Loss of appetite or weight loss
Constipation or diarrhea
Depression or mood changes
Cholelithiasis signs and symptoms
Clinical presentation – The 5 F’s!
Fat, female, fair, fertile, familial
Normal unless having biliary colic
80% asymptomatic
Intermittent, severe, cramping Px in upper R quadrant
Px often triggered by fatty meals
Can radiate to the R shoulder, and can last from minutes to hours
Cirrhosis signs and symptoms
Clinical presentation
depends on the cause
Skin: jaundice, spider naevi, ecchymosis, caput medusae, hyperpigmentation, needle tracks
Eyes: jaundice
Chest: gynaecomastia possible
red palms
ascites
lack of body hair
high alcohol intake
muscle wasting
Abdomen: tender hepatomegaly, nodular liver, palpable, non-tender gallbladder, palpable spleen (due to ^splenic BP), abdominal ascites
Rectal: haemorrhoids, bleeding oesophageal varicies
Genitalia: testicular atrophy
Extremities: pedal oedema
Neurological: flapping tremor, hepatic encephalopathy, dietary Vit B and Thiamine deficiencies in alcoholics cause amnesia/lack of insight, apathy, opthalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion
Blood abnormalities – ^transaminases, coagulation factor deficiencies, macrocytic anaemia
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver signs and symptoms
Most patients asymptomatic – silent disease
Occasionally sensation of fullness or discomfort in the right upper abdomen in severe cases
Non-specific complaints of fatigue and malaise (if liver failure is mild)
Hepatomegaly is generally the only positive finding on physical exam
Irritable Bowel Syndrome signs and symptoms
Long history – years of intermittent abdominal Px and abnormalities of defaecation
Loose stools or alternating with constipation
NO weight loss
Physical examination generally normal – abdo distension and global abdo tenderness, nil focal tenderness or masses
All blood tests are normal
Diagnosis made by excluding any life-threatening pathology
Diverticular Disease (diverticulosis) signs and symptoms
Clinical Presentation
Generally asymptomatic in diverticulosis, disease worst in distal bowel
LLQ Px, relieved by defaecation
Px can occur anywhere in lower abdomen
Diverticulitis can cause intestinal spasm, guarding, rebound tenderness, perforation of bowel with peritonitis
May have rectal bleeding = common presenting symptom together with abdominal pain
