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Year 2 Incorrect Questions > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Headache, red watery eye, onset in dark, mid-dilated pupil and corneal oedema?

A

Acute primary angle closure

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2
Q

Mangement of cluster headaches

A

Nasal Sumatriptan - helps relief the cluster headaches
Verapamil - is for prevention

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3
Q

White spots in mouth, maculopapular rash on body, coryzal symptoms and unvaccinated?

A

Test for measles

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4
Q

Red eyes, dry mouth mucosa - which antibody test?

A

Anti-Ro/La for Sjogrens

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5
Q

Antiphspholipid presents with miscarriage, rash and which visual symptom?

A

CRAO - sudden painless vision loss in one eye, pale retina, cherry red spot

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6
Q

Bacterial keratitis presentation

A

Acute eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision, poor contact habits

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7
Q

Investigation for orbital cellulitis

A

CT orbit and sinus

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8
Q

Common pres of retinoblastoma

A

Loss of red reflex unilaterally
Eye moves out

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9
Q

Enophthalmos presents assoc with fracture of which facial bone?

A

Ethmoid

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10
Q

Stormy-sunset fundus suggests which pathology?

A

CRVO

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11
Q

Small, pink nodules with a central umbilication that occur in clusters - on eyes and upper thighs?

A

Molluscum contagiosum (poxvirus can be transmitted sexually hence thighs)

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12
Q

Define chalazion

A

A chalazion is a cyst created secondary to obstruction of the Meibomian glands.
A chalazion is not an infection and thus is non-tender and non-fluctuant on examination.

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13
Q

Severe eye pain, corneal oedema, reduced vision 2 days post-op cataract surgery?

A

Bacterial endophthalmitis
Manage with intravitreal antibiotics ± steroids or surgery

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14
Q

Red and severely painful eye, post-sinus infection?

A

Orbital cellulitis

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15
Q

Presentation of cluster headaches

A

Severe ocular pain for 15mins - 1hr with periods of remission lasting months
Assoc with watery and red eyes, runny nose

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16
Q

Dry eyes and dry mouth are assoc with which systemic disease?

A

Sjogren’s syndrome
- anti-Ro/La antibodies

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17
Q

Sign of HT retinopathy on fundoscopy

A

Arteriovenous nipping

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18
Q

Define leukocoria and what is it indicative of?

A

White pupil reflex
Retinoblastoma

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19
Q

Firts line investigation of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Goldman’s tonography

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20
Q

Which glaucoma drug can change eyelash appearance?

A

Travoprost

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21
Q

Severely injected, forward displaced eye with no pain and inability to abduct affected eye is suggestive of?

A

Carotid cavernous fistula

22
Q

Patient with myopic prescription, cataracts and sudden floaters/flashes is suggestive of?

A

Retinal detachment

23
Q

IV vs oral acetazolamide in patient with acute angle closure glaucoma?

A

IV - secondary care
Oral - community/GP

24
Q

Arteriovenous nipping is assoc with what disease of retina?

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

25
Q

When does prednisolone dose change in GCA?

A

prednisolone 40mg if no visual impairment
60mg if visual symptoms.

26
Q

Definitive treatment of acute angle-closure glaucoma

A

Peripheral laser iridectomy

27
Q

Myopia and hypermetropia are assoc with which type of glaucoma?

A

Myopia (-) - open angle
Hypermetropia (+) - closed angle

28
Q

First line management of open angle glaucoma

A

Prostaglandin analogue
e.g. latanoprost

29
Q

Most common EOM injury in orbital blowout fracture

A

Inferior rectus

30
Q

First line investigation in GCA

A

ESR

31
Q

Proptosis indicates what type of cellulitis?

A

Orbital
- preseptal usually has preceding sinus infection

32
Q

Loss of vision in inner bottom part of vision would indicate what type of retinal detachment?

A

Superior temporal detachment (opposite)

33
Q

Pathology affecting the temporal lobe would result in what kind of visual pathway defect?

A

Contralateral homonymous superior quadrantinopia

34
Q

What happens to rod cells when exposed to light?

A

Rhodopsin is converted into opsin and trans-retinal.
This causes sodium channels to CLOSE and the membrane is HYPERPOLARISED which results in NO neurotransmitter being released into the synapse

35
Q

Young female patient loss of vision and colour vision impairment, assoc with periorbital pain and swollen optic disc?

A

MS
- suggests optic neuritis

36
Q

How can you differentiate between chlamydial and gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis?

A

Chlamydial - most common, 4-28 days, painful lump in mother’s groin (lymphogranuloma venerium)
Gonococcal - 1-3 days of life

37
Q

Corneal abrasion form foreign object would present as ? on slit lamp exam

A

Vertical linear defects in the corneal epithelium

38
Q

What complication presenting with floaters can result from posterior uveitis?

A

Exudative posterior vitreous detachment

39
Q

Fundoscopy findings of ischaemic optic neuropathy

A

Optic disc swelling - acute phase
Pale optic disc (suggests optic atrophy) - chronic phase

40
Q

Blunt force to eye assoc with pain, diplopia, limitation of eye movement and endophthalmos suggests?

A

Oribtal blow out fracture/fracture of ethmoid bone

41
Q

Which artery is damaged in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy e.g. GCA?

A

Posterior ciliary artery

42
Q

What does a tear drop sign suggest on X-ray?

A

Orbital blow out fracture
- appearance of herniated intraorbital fat (+/- inferior rectus muscle) which has protruded through a fracture of the inferior orbital wall.

43
Q

2 types of orbital blow out fractures

A

Open door - large, displaced and comminuted
Trapdoor - linear, hinged, and minimally displaced

44
Q

Example of a medication causing acute closed angle glaucoma

A

Anti-muscarinics e.g. amitriptyline

45
Q

Flashes and floaters and loss of vision in one quadrant of the eye?

A

Retinal detachment

46
Q

Which nerve controls complete closing of eyelid?

A

Facial nerve

47
Q

Visual complication of NF1

A

Optic glioma

48
Q

What type of vessel beading is specific to diabetic retinopathy?

A

Venous

49
Q

Bit of bark in eye would cause what appearance on slit lamp?

A

Lots of vertical lines

50
Q

Hyperaemia and white corneal deposits suggests

A

Bacterial keratitis

51
Q

Management of dacrocystitis

A

Cephalexin oral

52
Q

Management of BRVO with no mac oedema

A

Obs and manage lifestyle

Year 2 Incorrect Questions (9 decks)

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