Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Incorrect Questions > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Management of gastroparesis in T1D

A

Motility agents e.g. metoclopramide/domperidone
Or gastric pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Management of severe hypoglycaemia

A

200ml 10% dextrose IV
1mg/kg glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHich of the drugs for T2D can cause lactic acidosis?

A

Metformin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Autonomic neuropathy presents with

A

Nocturnal diarrhoea
Erectile dysfunction/impotence
Poor BP and temp regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Initial management of moderate DKA in kids

A

V 0.9% sodium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are thyroid hormones secreted into bloodstream?

A

Colloid containing thyroid hormone is pinocytosed by follicular cells. Lysosomes then fuse with this intracellular vesicle to digest thyroglobulin and release T3 and T4. T3 and T4 are secreted into the bloodstream by diffusion and membrane transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How thyroid hormone secretion regulated?

A

High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3 and/or T4 are detected by the hypothalamus, which inhibits release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which decreases secretion of TSH and therefore also T3, T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does pituitary compress optic chiasm?

A

From below

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thiazides cause what electrolyte abnormality?

A

Hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is ADH secreted from?

A

Posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anti-diabetic drug assoc with incr risk of bladder cancer

A

Pioglitazone (TZD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What condition of pregnancy is associated with high hCG and abnormal TSH/fT4?

A

Hyperemesis gravidarum
- usually resolves by 20 weeks, no TRab
- manage with H1 antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe negative feedback loop of thyroid hormones

A

High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), T3 and/or T4 are detected by the hypothalamus, which inhibits release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) which decreases secretion of TSH and therefore also T3, T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pubertal delay and poor secondary sexual development, combined with the anosmia and cleft palate suggests?

A

Kallmann syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Brown bone tumours are assoc with?

A

Hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone promotes water reabsorption by the insertion of aquaporin-2 channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

MEN1 clinical manifestations

A

Parathyroid (hyperpara)
Pancreas
Pituitary
(adrenal and thyroid)
Presents with hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MEN2a clinical manifestations

A

Parathyroid
Phaeochromocytoma
(medullary thyroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MEN2b clinical manifestations

A

Phaeochromocytoma
(marfanoid, neuroma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What changes should be made to hypothyroidism management in pregnancy?

A

Levothyroxine - dose increased by at least 25-50 microgram
Monitor TSH very closely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When can insulin be used outwith diabetic management?

A

To reduce hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Management of phaeochromocytoma pre-surgery

A

Alpha blocker
e.g. phenoxybenzamine

23
Q

What is DKA in absence of acidosis?

A

Diabetic ketosis

24
Q

Diagnostic test for insulinoma

A

72 hour fast

25
Q

Pathophysiology of Graves’ disease

A

Formation of IgG antibodies to TSH receptors on thyroid gland

26
Q

Which electrolyte must you be most aware of in DKA as it may become depleted in the body even though plasma concentrations may seem normal?

A

Potassium

27
Q

What is a psammoma?

A

Clusters of calcium buildup
- characteristic of papillary thyroid cancer

28
Q

Most common bacterial cause of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

A

Neisseria meningitides

29
Q

Most common deficiency cauding CAH

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

30
Q

Newly diagnosed diabetic child is managed on 1 unit of insulin a day - why such a low dose?

A

Patient still has some residual beta cell function
- honeymoon phase

31
Q

Loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrow can be a sign of which endocrine condition?

A

Hypothyroidism
- Hertoghe sign

32
Q

Worst prognosis thyroid cancer

A

Anaplastic = awful

33
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance on fasting and 2h glucose

A

Fasting: <6.1 (normal)
2h: 7.8-11 (impaired)

34
Q

Which visual symptom suggests severe thyroid eye disease?

A

Diplopia/proptosis

35
Q

First line investigation of suspected panhypopituitarism?

A

Insulin tolerance test
- will illicit stress response and can measure ACTH/cortisol and GH

36
Q

Most common cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid adenoma

37
Q

Management of neuropathic pain in patients not able to tolerate oral medications

A

Capsaicin cream (0.075%)

38
Q

Young person, hyperthyroid features, swollen and painful goitre but tired and rundown?

A

Subacute DeQuervain’s thyroiditis

39
Q

Which heart condition can be a complication of hyperthyroidism?

A

Atrial fibrillation

40
Q

Drug that can impair absorption of thyroxine

A

Ferrous sulphate
- for anaemia

41
Q

Management of post-partum thyrotoxiosis

A

Propanolol
- symptom control

42
Q

How to differentiate between hyperthyroid phase of DeQuervain’s and Grave’s disease?

A

DeQuervain’s - reduced uptake on radioiodine isotope scan
Grave’s - increased uptake on radioiodine isotope scan

43
Q

Gestat

A
44
Q

Most common cause of cellulitis in diabetes

A

Strep pyogenes

45
Q

When would you give zolendronate rather than alendronate?

A

If oral bisphosphonate can’t be tolerated

46
Q

Management of hypoglycaemic patient who is alert and able to swallow water

A

Oral glucose tablets

47
Q

Which medications should be stopped while T2 diabetic patient is fasting for surgery?

A

Meds causing hypoglycaemia e.g. gliclazide

48
Q

Recurrent candidiasis indicates the need for which blood test?

A

HbA1c
- recurrent infection is suggestive of diabetes

49
Q

What should always be ruled out before water deprivation test in suspected diabetes insipidus?

A

Hypercalcaemia
- measure serum clacium

50
Q

First line investigation in suspected thyroid cancer/thyroid nodule

A

Thyroid ultrasound

51
Q

Investigation of diabetic patient unable to weight bear with history of foot ulcers

A

MRI foot and ankle
- suspect Charcot’s arthropathy

52
Q

Persistent hyperglycaemia in patients on enteral feeding - what anit-diabetic drug?

A

Insulin

53
Q

Management of steroid induced diabetes

A

Gliclazide

54
Q

What is required to confirm diabetes diag with one HbA1c?

A

Repeat HbA1c

Year 2 Incorrect Questions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions