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Year 2 Incorrect Questions > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Which facial bone contributes significantly to both lateral walls of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum?

A

Ethmoid

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3
Q

Which muscle connects the tongue to the temporal bone?

A

Styloglossus

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4
Q

Attachment points for the temporalis muscle?

A

Lateral surface of the skull and coronoid process

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies both taste and somatic sensation to a part of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

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6
Q

Management of sudden SN hearing loss with no trigger?

A

High dose prednisolone PO
If this fails: intra-tympanic dexamethasone

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7
Q

Gradual and symmetrical bilateral hearing loss in older patient?

A

Presbycusis

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8
Q

Unilateral hearing loss better with background noise and quiet voice?

A

Otosclerosis

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9
Q

Singular nasal polyp in asthma patient?

A

Sign of NP cancer
Urgent ENT referral

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10
Q

Down syndrome, recurrent ear infection and air-bone conduction gap on audiogram?

A

Bilateral conductive hearing loss
Likely caused by glue ear

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11
Q

Management of bacterial otitis externa

A

Ciprofloxacin ear drops
If cipro resistant, sofradex ear drops

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12
Q

How to differentiate between stroke and TIA?

A

Stroke does not resolve

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13
Q

First line management of unilateral nosebleed of 30 mins?

A

Nasal cautery

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14
Q

Define tympanosclerosis

A

Calcium phosphate plaques forming in the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane after increased fibroblast activity depositing collagen

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15
Q

Investigation of suspected nasophar cancer?

A

Flexible nasal endoscopy

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16
Q

Ear discharge with halo sign on filter paper?

A

Basal skull fracture (CSF leak causing halo)

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17
Q

Unilateral conductive hearing loss would cause what signs on Rinne’s?

A

Negative Rinne’s test on the ipsilateral side

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18
Q

Most common parotid gland malignancy

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

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19
Q

Management of suspected paranasal sinus cancer

A

2 week ref to ENT

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20
Q

Paget’s is assoc with what ENT condition

A

Conductive hearing loss

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21
Q

History of atopy, 5 cigs per day, pressure behind face - no systemic symtpoms?

A

Chronic sinusitis
- saline nasal irrigation
- steroid nasal sprays or drops (e.g., mometasone or fluticasone)
- functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

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22
Q

First line for tonsillitis with penicillin allergy

A

Clarithromycin

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23
Q

Diagnostic investigation of cholesteatoma

A

CT head
- plans for surgical removal of cholesteatoma

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24
Q

Labrynthitis vs vestibular neuritis?

A

Lab = hearing loss
VN = no hearing loss

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25
Q

What 4 extra-ENT tests should you run in tinnitus?

A

FBC for anaemia
Glucose for DM
TSH for thyroid disorder
Lipids or hyperlipidaemia

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26
Q

Dix-Hallpike vs Epley in BPPV?

A

Dix-Hallpike is diagnostic (Dix=Dx)
Epley is for management

27
Q

What causes a black and hairy tongue?

A

Decreased exfoliation of keratin from tongue surface
- dehydration, dry mouth, poor oral hygeine, smoking

28
Q

Pathophysiology of Ménière’s disease

A

Excessive buildup of endolymph in labyrinth of inner ear

29
Q

Short term management for vestibular neuritis

A

Prochlorperazine
Antihistamine
(can be used up to 3 days)

30
Q

Management to reduce frequency of Ménière’s attacks

A

Betahistine

31
Q

Most common bacterial cause of OME

A

Group A strep (strep pyogenes)

32
Q

Most common bacterial causes of otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staph aureus

33
Q

Painless, pulsatile neck lump in anterior triangle with bruit and only side-to-side mobility?

A

Paraganglioma
- imaging shows splaying of internal/external carotids
- manage with surgical removal

34
Q

Presentation of eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

Reduced/altered hearing, popping, pain, tinnitus, fullness
- symptoms worsen with pressure changes

35
Q

Management of acute otitis externa

A

Neomycin, dexamethasone, acetic acid spray

36
Q

Management of acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

A

Metronidazole
Review by dentist

37
Q

Differentiating between a facial palsy and stroke?

A

Upper motor neurone = foreheaad can move, STROKE
Lower motor neurone = forehead can’t move on one side, prob not stroke

38
Q

Management of vestibular schwannoma

A

Benign but can develop
Small/medium tumours = repeat scan in 6 months
Larger than 40mm/fast growing = surgical resection

39
Q

First line management of TMJD

A

Explanation and reassurance (due to stress)
- may refer to CBT or physio
- potentially dental occulsion therapy or surgery

40
Q

When is CT indicated in mastoiditis?

A

If no improvement with admission ad IV antibiotics
- to assess invasion into neuro structures

41
Q

When to reverse anticoagulation in patients with AF and epistaxis?

A

Minor bleeding, INR above target range - stop warfarin, give vit K (+PT complex if major haemorrhage)

42
Q

Which parotid gland cancer can invade and cause facial nerve palsy?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

43
Q

Incision drainage or needle aspiration for quinsy?

A

Aspiration
- decreases likelihood of injury to carotid

44
Q

What would indicate immediate hospital admission in a child with tonsillitis?

A

Signs of dehydration
- dry tongue, no eating or drinking for prolonged tme
Airway compromise
Systemically unwell

45
Q

Management of pinna haematoma

A

Antibiotics + Incision with primary closure
- then compression banding

46
Q

Management of pinna haematoma

A

Antibiotics + Incision with primary closure
- then compression banding

47
Q

Which tumour of parotid gland is well-circumscribed, usually bitlateral (can happen at diff times) and assoc with smoking?

A

Warthin’s tumour

48
Q

Loop diuretic (rarely) causing SN hearing loss

A

Furosemide

49
Q

Progressive hearing loss with intermittent attacks that sound like Ménière’s?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

50
Q

Reinke’s oedema presenting with voice hoarseness is linked to which disorder

A

Hypothyroidism

51
Q

When to prescribe antibios in acute rhinosinusitis?

A

10 days of persistent symptoms or presence f worrying symptoms

52
Q

Visual symptom assoc with vestibular schwannoma

A

Loss of corneal reflex

53
Q

After how long a course of amoxicillin is grommet insertion indicated in glue ear?

A

2-6 weeks

54
Q

How can throat cancer cause otalgia?

A

Referred pain via V3 of trigeminal nerve

55
Q

Non-tender and rubbery lymph nodes suggests?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

56
Q

When should vestibular schwannomas be operated on?

A

> 40mm

57
Q

Sensorineural deafness found at 2 years is most likely caused by?

A

Congenital cytomegalovirus

58
Q

14y/o boy with hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness with no aural fullness could suggest

A

Otosclerosis

59
Q

Tenderness over hyoid bone assoc with stridor…

A

Supraglottitis
- manage with nebulised adrenaline and IV dexamethasone

60
Q

When should you do nasal packing?

A

If cautery fails
If bleeding is not visible

61
Q

Management of vestibular neuronitis

A

Oral prochlorperazine

62
Q

Which type of NF is assoc with bilateral vestibular schwannoma?

A

NF2

63
Q

How to differentiate between presentation of VN and Ménière’s disease?

A

VN - tends to come on more suddenly
Ménière’s - episodic and fluctuating hearing loss

Year 2 Incorrect Questions (9 decks)

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