Ophthalmology

Question 1

what is the treatment of Sjogren’s syndrome?

Answer 1

artificial tears e.g. hydromellose drops

Question 2

what are the 2 treatment options for open angle glaucoma?

Answer 2

timolol and latanoprost

Question 3

a 78 year old woman presents with a painful scalp on combing her hair and a recent history of homonymous hemianopia. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 3

temporal arthritis

Question 4

a 58 year old man presents with sudden los of vision in the right eye. the red reflex is absent and his retina is difficult to visualise at fundoscopy. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 4

vitreous haemorrhage

Question 5

a 72 year old man with hypertension presented yesterday with sudden loss of vision which he described as a curtain coming down. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 5

TIA - he has experienced amaurosis fugax typically due to an embolus from a stenosed ipsilateral carotid artery

Question 6

a 16 year old girl presents with transient sudden visual loss and painful eye movements. fundoscopy is normal. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 6

optic neuropathy - cardinal sign would be the presence of a relative afferent pupillary defect

Question 7

which condition is a/w erythema of the conjunctiva, watery discharge and a follicular appearance of the tarsal conjunctiva

Answer 7

viral conjunctivitis

Question 8

a 40 year old man presents with painful red eye and a mucopurulent discharge. on exam circumcorneal redness is also seen along with a hypopyon and a white opacity of the cornea. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 8

keratitis i.e. corneal infection

Question 9

a 23 year old man presents to his GP complaining of unilateral red eye with pain, photophobia, and mild reduction in visual acuity. a small pupil. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 9

iritis - a/w TB as well as autoimmune disease

Question 10

a 35 year old woman presents to her GP with photophobia and acutely painful erythema of the eye. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 10

scleritis

Question 11

what is the difference between scleritis and episcleritis?

Answer 11

episcleritis is less painful and the erythema usually affects an area of the sclera rather than the whole surface

Question 12

a 25 year old woman complains of difficulty opening her eyes on waking, with a purulent discharge and discomfort from both eyes. the conjunctivae are inflamed. there is no loss of visual acuity. what is the diagnosis?

Answer 12

bacterial conjunctivitis