Neurology Flashcards
what is the presentation of a base of skull fracture?
a/w road traffic accident or assault peri-orbital bruising > panda eyes CSF rhinorrhoea or otorrhoea mastoid bruising CT scan is preferred
what is the presentation of acute subdural haematoma?
most commonly the result of trauma
significantly reduced consciousness and an ipsilateral dilated and non-reactive pupil
CT shows crescent-shaped haematoma
what is the presentation of extradural haematoma?
short period of LOC immediately after injury followed by a lucid interval and subsequent reduction in conscious level
CT shows biconvex haematoma
what is the result of a subarachnoid haemorrhage on CT?
blood in the basal cisterns
what are the characteristics of lewy body dementia?
fluctuating confusion loss of concentration and attention visual hallucinations parkinsonism low mood, depression and apathy are common
what is the presentation of cluster headaches?
typically unilateral and retro-orbital
a/w nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea and conjunctival injection
what is the different presentation of extradural and subdural haematoma on CT?
extra: unilateral biconvex-shaped shadow along the lateral cortex
sub: unilateral crescent-shaped shadow along the lateral cortex
what is the LP findings with the following meningitis:
- viral
- fungal
- bacterial
- opening pressure normal, lymphocyte-predominant, protein normal, glucose normal
- opening pressure increased, lymphocyte-predominant, protein increased, glucose normal/decreased
- opening pressure increased, neutrophil-predominant, protein increased, glucose decreased
what are the signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis?
DEMYELINATION: diplopia/dysmetria/dysdiadochokinesia/depression eye movement painful/optic neuritis motor weakness, spasticity y = nystagmus elevation in temp e.g. unable to get out of a hot bath eLectric shocks intention tremor neuropathic pain ataxia talking is slurred (dysarthria) impotence overactive bladder e.g. urinary urgency numbness e.g. pins and needles
what is myasthenia gravis?
an acquired autoimmune condition caused by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors
the clinical hallmark is painless, fatigable skeletal muscle weakness
also a/w double vision and slurred speech
how does peripheral neuropathy present?
in a glove and stocking distribution
most commonly a/w diabetes and vit B12 deficiency
what is the clinical presentation of Charcot-Marie-Tooth?
distal weakness and atrophy manifesting as foot drop and pes cavus
they go on later to develop atrophy of the hands and feet
