Drug Random Flashcards
what type of drug is methotrexate?
it is an anti-folate where it inhibits DNA synthesis inducing immunosupression
what are the side effects of ciclosporin?
the 5H's: hypertrophy of gums hypertrichosis hypertension hyperkalaemia hyperglycaemia
what are the side effects of isotretinoin?
Dry skin and lips
Photosensitivity of skin
Depression, anxiety, aggression and suicidal ideation. Patients should be screened for mental health issues prior to starting treatment.
Rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
what is etanercept used for?
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
what are the signs of tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
impairment of perspiration resulting in fevers, seizures, sinus tachycardia, hypotension, decreased salivation, hypokalaemia and acidosis
causes wide QRS > ventricular arrhythmias
: dilated pupils, dry skin, confusion and urinary retention and tachycardia
what is the treatment for tricyclic antidepressants overdose?
sodium bicarbonate
which 2 meds should not be used together when managing arrhythmias and why?
calcium channel and beta blockers
they may cause severe AV block and hypotension
what is the prophylaxis treatment of migraine?
propanolol (if woman of child-bearing age and taking OCP) or topiramate
an 80 year old man presents with a slate grey rash that has worsened during his prolonged holiday abroad. which med has caused this?
amiodarone
a 48 year old man presents to his GP after a short-lived headache that started within a minute of taking his newly prescribed meds. which meds have caused this?
GTN
what is the rational for using benzodiazepines for alcohol withdrawal?
alcohol withdrawal leads to GABA deficiency, benzodiazepines facilitate GABA-A binding to its receptor
what are the early symptoms of aspirin overdose?
DAFT HID deafness appears flushed fever tinnitus hyperventilation increased sweating dizziness
what is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?
reversible sodium channel blockade in nerve endings
what are the symptoms of a lithium overdose?
neurological symptoms: myoclonic jerks and twitches, confusion and seizures
cardiac dysrhythmias
which drug chemically resembles thyroxine and so can cause thyroid dysfuntion?
amiodarone
what are the common side effects of tamsulosin?
dizziness, postural hypotension and dry mouth
which cells do bisphosphonates act on?
osteoclasts
what is an important side effect of carbimazole?
agranulocytosis
which meds used for epilepsy causes cerebellar syndrome? what is this?
phenytoin
e.g. wide-based gait, past pointing and intention tremor
a 47 year old man who has recently started treatment for TB complains of red-orange discolouration of his urine and tears. which med has caused this?
rifampicin
which med used for treatment of TB is likely to have a glove and stocking distribution of paraesthesia of the extremities?
isoniazid
are C-peptide levels high in an insulinoma or factitious insulin use?
C-peptide rises with insulin levels as it is secreted with it
therefore, an insulinoma has a high C-peptide
which route is contraindicated with for testosterone admin?
IV - it is an oily substance and so could cause respiratory distress
what is tardive dyskinesia?
a largely irreversible side effect of long term anti-psychotic therapy e.g. haloperidol, resulting in stereotyped oral-facial movements
patients usually have some sort of lip smacking, grimacing, tongue movements or excessive blinking
which mandatory blood tests are needed for amiodarone admin?
U/E, LFT, and TFT
which med overdose causes metabolic acidosis and hypoventilation?
tricyclic antidepressants
what drug class is trazadone?
it is an antidepressant - not an SSRI but close to one
give 2 examples of sympathomimetics
cocaine and amphetamines
what is the best advice to give to a patient taking bisphosphonates?
take with a glass of water at least 30 mins before breakfast and remain upright until after breakfast
what colour tinge does digoxin cause colour vision to go?
when toxic, turns yellow
what is the mechanism of an ACE inh-related cough?
increased bradykinin
what is the main mechanism of action of metformin?
inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and inhibits lactate dehydrogenase in the gut and liver
which anti-arrhythmic blocks potassium channels?
amiodarone
which bloods should be done before commencing methotrexate treatment?
FBC, LFTs, U&Es, eGFR, CXR and spirometry
what is the treatment of beta blocker overdose?
glucagon and cardiac pacing
what is one of the main side effects of colchicine?
diarrhoea
which med is known to have angioedema as a side effect?
ACE inh e.g. ramipril
what is the most common reaction to bisphosphonates?
oesophagitis - this is why you take it 30 mins before food
what is the mechanism of action of digoxin?
blocks the sodium/potassium ATPase at the SA node
which med is used to treat organophosphate toxicity e.g. pest control company worker?
atropine IV
what is the best monitoring of heparin?
APTT
what drug class is tropicamide?
mydriatic
a 17 year old man has just had a dental extraction and is complaining of a mildly painful jaw. He has already tried paracetamol for pain relief. what is the most appropriate analgesic?
ibuprofen
a 70 year old woman has severe bone pain form metastatic breast cancer. her creatinine is 130 (normal is 60-120). simple analgesia has been ineffective, and she feels she wants to end it all because of the pain. what is the most appropriate analgesic?
morphine
a 50 year old man has an acutely painful, red and swollen left knee. he has recently been started on furosemide by his GP. his creatinine and BP is normal. what is the most appropriate analgesic?
diclofenac - short-term before allopurinol is established
a 50 year old woman has severe shooting pains in the left side of her face following an attack of shingles. she has tried a number of painkillers from her local pharmacy with no benefit. what is the most appropriate analgesic?
gabapentin
a 21 year old man presents with a dislocation of the terminal phalanx of his little left finger in a fight. there does not appear to be a fracture and you wish to give him an analgesia to allow reduction of the dislocation. what is the most appropriate analgesic?
nitrous oxide (with oxygen inhaled)
what tests should be done before amiodarone admin?
LFTs, U&Es, TFTs, CXR
what is the treatment of SLE?
hydroxychloroquine
what risk increases when a corticosteroid and NSAID are combined?
risk of GI ulceration and bleeding
what are the CP450 drugs?
WCPOT
warfarin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, OCP, theophylline
what are the CP450 inhibitors?
O DEVICES GMC
omeprazole (PPIs), disulfiram (for alcohol dependency), erythromycin, valproate, isonazide (abx for TB), ciprofloxacin, ethanol (acute intoxicity), sulfonamide, grapefruit juice, miconazole, cranberry juice
what are the CP450 inducers?
PC BRAS
phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbituates/BBQ meat, rifampicin, alcohol (chronic), sulphonylureas (glycozides)/St John’s Wort
what is a treatment of alcohol withdrawal?
chlordiazepoxide - this is a benzodiazepine with a longer half-life
what is the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
neostigmine
which med causes neutropenia?
clozapine
which med causes a reverse tick sign on the ST segment?
digoxin toxicity - hypokalaemia
what is one of the most important side effects of amiodarone?
pulmonary toxicity
what is the primary treatment of myasthenia gravis?
pyridostigmine
also corticosteroids
