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pharm 2 > Ophthalmic drugs > Flashcards

Ophthalmic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

How do Mydriatic agents affect the eye

A

They cause pupillary dilation

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2
Q

How do Miotic agents affect the eye

A

They cause pupillary constriction

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3
Q

What is the medical term for “dry eyes”

A

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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4
Q

How is Fluorescein dye stored

A

As paper strips to be wet at time of use, due to psuedomonas infection of fluorescein solution

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Cyclosporin (restasis)

A

T-cell inhibition diminishes inflammation which allows for an increase in tear production

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6
Q

What drug class is cyclosporin (Restasis)

A

imunosupressant

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7
Q

What is the medical term for “pink eye”

A

Conjunctivitis, inflammation of the outer most layer of the eye and inner surface of the eyelids.

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8
Q

What drug class is Tetrahydrozoline (Visine)

A

Ocular astringent, redness reliever

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9
Q

What is the MOA of tetrahydrolozine (visine)

A

Vasoconstriction

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10
Q

What is the function of the Zinc sulfate in Visine

A

Acts as an astringent

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11
Q

What drug class is Azelastine (Optivar)

A

ocular antihistamine

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12
Q

What is the MOA of azelastine (Optivar)

A

Blocks H1 receptor sites

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13
Q

What drug class is Ketorolac (Acular)

A

ocular NSAID

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14
Q

What drug class is Bacitracin-Polymyxin B (Polysporin Ophthalmic)

A

ocular antibiotic

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15
Q

What are the indications for Polysporin ophthalmic

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers, styes, and infected tear ducts. Prophylactic use after corneal abrasion.

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16
Q

What drug class is Vidarabine (Ara-A)

A

Antiviral, specific for HSV

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17
Q

What are the application routes for Vidarabine (Ara-A)

A

Ointment, solution for ophthalmic use. Also available as I.V. for systemic use

18
Q

How is glaucoma normally treated

A 
Glaucoma is usually treated by the application of eye drops from one or more of the following drug classes:
Beta-blockers
Prostaglandin analogs
Miotic agents
Alpha agonists
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
19
Q

What drug class is Timolol (Timoptic)

A

Ocular Beta-adrenergic antagonist

20
Q

What is the MOA of timolol (Timoptic)

A

Blocks the ocular effects of epinephrine which serves to reduce the production of the aqueous humor

21
Q

What drug class is Latanoprost (Xalatan)

A

selective prostaglandin receptor agonist

22
Q

What is the MOA of latanoprost (Xalatan)

A

increases uveoscleral outflow thus improving the outflow of aqueous humor and reducing intraocular pressure

23
Q

What is a noteworthy side effect of latanoprost (Xalatan)

A

makes the eyelashes grow longer and thicker, possible darkening of the iris (to brown: heterochromia)

24
Q

What is a cycloplegic do?

A

causes paralysis of accomodation

25
Q

what is fluorescein dye used for?

A

for diagnosis of corneal abrasions, ulcers, and herpetic corneal infections. It sticks to areas of de-epithelialization and illuminated with cobalt blue light.

26
Q

what is the most common reason for keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

A

Contact lens wear. Also environments that are dry and windy. common complaint of autoimmune d/o.

27
Q

what are some causes of conjunctivitis?

A

Allergic, viral, bacterial, thermal or UV burns, chemicals, toxins, or overuse of contacts

28
Q

What are the sxs of acute allergic conjunctivitis?

A

typically itchy and the patient often complains of some lid swelling

29
Q

What are the sxs of viral conjunctivitis?

A

watery discharge and variable itch. The infection usually begins with one eye but often involves both eyes

30
Q

what are the sxs of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

due to the common pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus) often causes marked irritation and a stringy, grey or yellowish discharge.

31
Q

what are the side effects of tetrahydrozoline/visine?

A

REBOUND vasodilation (redness)

32
Q

what is Azelastine/optivar indicated for?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

33
Q

What is the MOA of Ketorolac/Acular?

A

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

34
Q

what is Ketorolac/Acular indicated for?

A

ocular discomfort from swelling

35
Q

Does the use of ocular nsaids increase the risk for development of catracts and drug induced glaucoma associated with ocular steroids?

A

NO.

36
Q

What is the MOA of polysporin Opthalmic?

A

inhibitis bacterial protein synthesis

37
Q

what is the MOA of Vidarabine/Ara-A?

A

inhibits viral DNA synthesis

38
Q

Is vidarabine effective for herpes zoster/shingles?

A

not as effective as HSV b/c the shingles lesions are deeper in the cornea and not easily reached by a topical med.

39
Q

what is timolol indicated for?

A

glaucoma

40
Q

Side effects of Timolol?

A

worsening of asthma or emphysema, low blood pressure, fatigue, and impotence. May have rebound effects (beta blocker)

41
Q

how do miotic agents (pilocarpine) help with glaucoma tx?

A

cause contraction of the ciliary ms which tighten trabecular meshwork and allow increased outflow of aqueous humor

42
Q

what class drug is pilocarpine?

A

cholinergic agonists (parasympathomimetics)– miotic agent

pharm 2 (18 decks)

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