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pharm 2 > Antipsychotics > Flashcards

Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alternate name for antipsychotics

A

neuroleptics

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2
Q

What are the categories of antipsychotics

A

typical (first generation) and atypical (2nd and 3rd generation)

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3
Q

What is the general MOA of antipsychotics

A

blocking dopamine receptors

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4
Q

What common side effects of antipsychotics (6)

A
  • parkinsonian-like symptoms like tremors, lip smacking, grimacing, etc
  • Massive weight gain
  • increased prolactin release
  • tardive dyskinesia
  • extrapyramidal signs
  • dry mouth, eyes, constipation, urinary retention
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5
Q

What is dyskinesia

A

involuntary movement. Facial grimacing and involuntary movements of limbs are examples of dyskinesias. Tardive means it continues after discontinuation of the drug

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6
Q

What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

catatonia, fluctuating BP, dysarthria, fever caused by antipsychotic drug

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7
Q

What is done for someone with neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

administer a dopamine agonist like Bromocriptine

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8
Q

What drug class is chlorpromazine (thorazine)

A

typical neuroleptic

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9
Q

What is the MOA of chlorpromazine (thorazine)

A

D2 dopaminergic receptor site blockade and H1 histamine blocker, alpha adrenergic blocker

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10
Q

What is a common side effect of chlorpromazine

A

inceased prolactin d/t dopamin blockade

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11
Q

What drug class is prochlorperazine (compazine)

A

typical neuroleptic

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12
Q

What are the indications for prochlorperazine (compazine)

A

Psychosis as well as vertigo and nausea and vomiting, particularly when associated with migraine headaches

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13
Q

What category is prochlorperazine (compazine)

A

category C

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14
Q

what drug class is haloperidol (Haldol)

A

typical neuroleptc

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15
Q

What are the indications of haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Sun-downing, Psychosis, Tourette’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, acute agitated behavior (combative)

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16
Q

What are the main side effects of haloperidol (haldol)

A

extrapyramidal effects, tremors, mb neuroleptic malignant syndrome

17
Q

What drug class is clozapine (clozaril)

A

Atypical neuroleptic

18
Q

What is the MOA of clozapine (clozaril)

A

D2 blockade and 5-HTP

19
Q

What are side effects of clozapine

A

agranulocytosis, myocarditis, diminished extrapyramidal effects compared to others

20
Q

What are the indications for clozapine

A

schizophrenia

21
Q

What are the side effects of respiradone (risperdal)

A

Weight gain (40lb in a month), hyperglycemia, diabetes. increase stroke risk in elderly

22
Q

What drug class is respiradone (risperdal)

A

Atypical neuroleptic

23
Q

What is an important characteristic of respiradone

A

processed by cyp450

24
Q

How does respiradone (risperdal) compare in side effects to typical neuroleptics

A

It causes much more significant weight gain, but was touted to cause fewer Parkinsonian and dyskinesia side effects

25
Q

What tests should be run regularly for anyone on neuroleptic drugs

A

liver function

26
Q

What drug class is Olanzapine (zyprexa)

A

atypical neuroleptic

27
Q

What are the most common side effects of Olanzapine

A

Weight gain, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Increased risk for stroke in elderly patients. (same as respiradone)

28
Q

What are the indications for Olanzapine (zyprexa)

A

Schizophrenia, especially when other antipsychotic agents have failed or have produced undesirable side effects

29
Q

What is the MOA of Olanzapine (zyprexa)

A

Multiple receptor site blockade yet greatest effects at D2 and 5-HT2 receptor sites

30
Q

What are the indications for lithium salts (Eskalith)

A

bipolar and maniac episodes. schizophrenia. Off-label for OCD

31
Q

What are the dangers of using lithium

A

Very narrow TI, so blood levels must be checked frequently (every week)

32
Q

What is the most common renal side effect of lithium

A

Impaired concentration capacity due to reduced renal response to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

33
Q

What side effect of lithium develops in 5-35% of patients

A

hypothyroidism

pharm 2 (18 decks)

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