Dermatologic Drugs Flashcards
What are side effects of Polymyxin B when given via IV
ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
What should you not use polymyxin B topical
if there is perforation of the TM
If MRSA is recurrent, what area should be swabbed
nares. often carries MRSA
What antibiotic is still effective against a topical MRSA infection
Mupirocin (Bactroban)
what drug class is ketoconazole
topical antifungal
where should topical glucocorticoids generally not be used
over bacterial infection, on the face, genitalia, other thin skin areas, over a viral infection
what are the topical delivery forms of derm drugs (least oil to most oil content)?
solution (least oil)
lotion
cream
ointment (most oil)
what aspects of a drug allows for increased penetration?
decreased molecular size, increased lipid content, and increased concentration
what aspects of the skin allow for increased penetration of drug?
decreased integrity of skin, thinner skin (face, armpit, genitalia), applying large surface area: body (i.e. children)
what is neosporin indicated for?
Superficial bacterial skin infections, eyes and external ear infection. Used prophylactically against bacterial contamination of abrasions, burns, skin grafts or incisions. Application may prevent infection and permit normal healing.
what is the MOA of Neosporin?
Polymyxin disrupts the structure of the bacterial cell membrane by interacting with phospholipids. Bacitracin interferes with the peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall.
what is Mupirocin/bactroban indicated for?
Impetigo and other bacterial infections. Best against staph and strep. Also MRSA. NOT for fungal or viral
what is the MOA of mupirocin?
inhibits bacterial protein syn
what is ketoconazole/nizarol indicated for?
Superficial fungal infection such as tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis (ring worm), superficial yeast infections and seborrheic dermatitis.
conditions where topical steroids are used?
atopic/contact/allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, bullous pemphigus, SLE, and sarcoidosis
how are the classes of topical glucocorticoids grouped in terms of potency?
Class 1 is the most potent class of topical glucocorticoids whereas class 7 is the least potent class of topical steroid.
what is the most potent form of corticosteroid?
Halogenated corticosteroids are generally the most potent forms of topical steroids.
some side effects of topical glucocorticoids
Skin atrophy Striae Telangiectasias Purpura Acneiform lesions Perioral dermatitis* Overgrowth of skin fungus and bacteria Hypopigmentation Rosacea*
what are some systemic side effects of highly potent glucocorticoids?
suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increased risk for hyperglycemia, osteoporosis and osteonecrosis.
what is a local side effect of injected intralesional corticosteroids?
may develop atrophy of underlying fat and/ or muscle
what is the MOA of hydrocortisone/cortef?
Anti-inflammatory. Affects gene transcription to either stimulate or repress protein production.
what are some conditions that respond to retinoids?
Cystic and papular acne Actinic keratosis Psoriasis Basal cell cancer Squamous cell cancer Cutaneous aging
how is acne generally treated?
Topical agent, if that fails then oral antibiotics or oral retinoins (accutane)
what class is Tretinoin/Retin A
Vitamin A derivative
