OPERATING SYSTEMS LESSON 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is an Operating System
A
A software that goes in between the applications that run on a computer and its hardware.
2
Q
3 Components of a Computer System
A
Peopleware, Software, Hardware
3
Q
The people involved in the data processing operation
A
Peopleware
4
Q
The visible components that make up the computer system.
A
Hardware
5
Q
A program or series of instructions that allows the computer to run efficiently, including programming languages, application programs and the computer system
A
Software
6
Q
To the UserView
A
OS is an extended machine that hides the lower level details
7
Q
To the SystemView
A
It serves as a resource allocator
8
Q
Component of limited availability necessary for effective operation
A
Resource
9
Q
A manager that needs to use all the resources to perform management duties
A
Operating System
10
Q
A device software that regulates and manages machine resources
A
Operating System
11
Q
10 Broad functions of the OS are the following
A
JOB SEQUENCING
JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE INTERPRETATION
ERROR HANDLING
I/O HANDLING
INTERRUPT HANDLING
SCHEDULING
RESOURCE CONTROL
PROTECTION
MULTI-ACCESS (TIME SHARING)
12
Q
– the selection of the next batch of processes for a long job to be run.
A
Job Sequencing
13
Q
- the OS activity that detects errors and in some cases corrects errors
A
Error Handling
14
Q
- a command language used to with a batch operating system
A
JCL (Job Control Language Interpretation)
15
Q
- a program that causes the automatic suspension of a program concurrently executing
A
Interrupt Handling
16
Q
determining the order by which resources will be assigned to processes and
jobs.
A
Scheduling
17
Q
– the control of the resource used by two or more processes, either
concurrently or one at a time.
A
Resource Control
18
Q
the process of controlling and limiting access to the resources of the
computer.
A
Protection
19
Q
– a type of OS that switches inactive to a certain computer for
multiple user’s using the system at the same time.
A
Multi Access (Time sharing)
20
Q
(OS viewed) – allocating resources like printers, disk drives and other peripherals.
A
Resource Manager
21
Q
(6) An operating system can be viewed as:
A
RESOURCE MANAGER
INTERFACE
COORDINATOR
GUARDIAN
RESOURCE UTILIZATION MAXIMIZER
ACCOUNTANT
SERVER
INTERFACE
22
Q
(OS viewed) - It provides a friendlier environment where user can do things at a “higher level” and not have to worry about low level hardware operations.
A
Interface
23
Q
(OS viewed) - – it makes it possible for complex activities to be performed in a predefined order.
A
Coordinator
24
Q
(OS viewed) it set up access controls to protect files, allows restrictions on the reading, writing or executing of data and programs and keep users out of each other’s hair and out of its own. It may even control who can log onto the system.
A
Guardian
25
(OS viewed) – An OS, combining some user’s input, others’ database accesses, others’ computation, others’ output and so on can automatically increase the utilization resources. A typical estimate is that going from one user to 4 or 5 can increase the utilization from 30-90%.
Resource Utilization Maximizer
26
(OS viewed) – it keeps track of CPU time, memory usage, I/O calls, disk storage, terminal connects, and time and almost any other information you might want to have.
Accountant
27
(OS viewed) it provides services either implicitly or explicitly. A fundamentally important example of this is the file access mechanism. In most high level languages, it is so easy to specify a file access that we tend to forget all that is actually being done.
Server
28
is an operating system that has a multi-user and multitasking capabilities, device
independence and what is known as the tools approach that UNIX users can produce more.
UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM
29
NAME 4 OF UNIX'S features
MULTI-USER CAPABILITIES
MULTITASKING CAPABILITIES
DEVICE INDEPENDENCE
PORTABILITY AND OPEN SYSTEM
30
(UNIX) each of the computer’s users can be involved in
completely unrelated tasks while seemingly holding the computer’s undivided
attention.
Multi-user Capabilities
31
(UNIX) UNIX continuously decides who to work with next and how long to
spend with each user. It also offers the following advantages such as cost per user,
central administration and shared resources.
Multi-user Capabilities
32
(UNIX) For each user, it may perform more than one task at a
time, thereby increasing their efficiency
Multitasking Capabilities
33
(UNIX). It can take several forms like background
processing, windowing capability and task switching.
Multitasking Capabilities
34
(UNIX) UNIX enables you to use files and devices
interchangeably.
Device Independence
35
(UNIX) You can tell a program that normally sends its results to the
screen to use the printer instead, similarly so you can tell a tool that usually reads
information from a disk file to use a tape drive instead.
Device Independence
35
(UNIX) It provides names for all
the devices connected to the computer and you can use those names in many
contexts in which a file name usually appears.
Device Independence
36
(UNIX) – it is the most notable feature of UNIX, the
capability to run a wide range of different computer makes and models.
Portability and Open System
37
Name the 4 main Components of the MAC OS X and their Components
DARWIN CORE (Mach 3.0 Kernel, a customized BSD OS)
Imaging Layer (Quartz Technology, Quicktime, OpenGL)
Application Environments(CLASSIC, CARBON, COCOA)
Graphical User Interface (AQUA)
38
Name the 6 Features of the MAC OS X
DOCKING STATION
POST SCRIPT
PROTECTED MEMORY
THE NEW FILE FINDER
FILE PREVIEW
ORGANIC LOOK
39
(MAC OS X) At the bottom of the screen, this enables you to
store icons representing any file or application for easy access. The icons shrink
as more files are added and expanded and shrink as the mouse arrow hovers over
them.
DOCKING STATION
40
(MAC OS X) – Mac OS X offers crisp, professional-like renderings of all text. The
quality of every letter on screen is virtually laser-quality. Blow up the letter A to
72-point size and just try to spot a pixel.
POST SCRIPT
41
(MAC OS X) – running applications are segregated into their own memory
spaces, preventing an imploding file from crashing the entire system.
PROTECTED MEMORY
42
(MAC OS X) the new single-window file-icon interface is a little awkward
at first, but allows users to keep better track of file location. You won’t need to
open and close endless windows to get files or browse through folders, unless
you want to.
THE NEW FILE FINDER
43
(MAC OS X) click a file and you’ll get a high-resolution snapshot of the first-
page—graphics, text and all.
FILE PREVIEW
44
(MAC OS X) – candy-like buttons that pulse, windows stay active as they
moved, translucent windows that cast shadows, pop-down menus that fade, soft
edges around all text – it goes on and on. You won’t get red-eye using this.
ORGANIC LOOK
45
It is based on the smaller, more stable kernel and has better load balancing across multiple processors than any other OS so it dramatically decreases your enterprise’s exposure to system crashes.
SOLARIS
46
Acknowledged by the industry to be the premier reliable UNIX environment.
SOLARIS
47
It helps you to install updates to new features when they become available while still ensuring that your applications continue to run
SOLARIS
48
Enumerate the 8 Features of solaris
IT IS SECURE
IT IS HIGHLY AVAILABLE
IT IS SCALABLE
IT IS INTEROPERABLE
IT IS EASY TO USE
IT IS UNIVERSAL
IT IS FOR DEVELOPERS
IT'S FREE
49
(SOLARIS) it contains IPSec – virtual private network, Kerberos V5
authentication, role-based access control, system hardening, and centralized user
audit events.
IT IS SECURE
50
(SOLARIS) features live upgrade, hot diagnostics, file system logging,
predictive failure analysis, dynamic reconfiguration and clustering.
IT IS HIGHLY AVAILABLE
51
(SOLARIS) – offers Smart card to supercomputer, 1 to 1000+ processors; 2-, 4- and 8-node clusters, 32-bit and 64-bit support, New IPv6 IETF address protocol,
and advanced multithreading.
IT IS SCALABLE
52
(SOLARIS)– features Intel Architecture and SPARCTM platform, integrated
Windows NT services, Linux compatibility, transparent connectivity across
multiple platforms, and support for legacy applications.
IT IS INTEROPERABLE
53
(SOLARIS)it contains browser-based installation tools, service location
protocol, remote console capabilities, hot desk architecture, plug-and-play
support for consumer devices and common desktop environment.
IT IS EASY TO USE
54
(SOLARIS) it supports 37 languages, Y2K safe, euro currency support,
optimized for the JavaTM platform, standard edition, multiplatform connectivity
and supports 32-bit and 64-bit environments.
IT IS UNIVERSAL
55
(SOLARIS) – it controls the naming of core files, track shared library usage
and trace events leading up to a failure, examine all active processes, with
selected output mode and sort order; creates remote, web-based management
applications that run from a standard web browser; wizards simplify the
installation, setup and administration of native Solaris and Java application; and
comprehensive developer.
IT IS FOR DEVELOPERS
56
(SOLARIS) allows access to Solaris source and Solaris binaries.
IT'S FREE
57
This OS provides specialized features that make them different from other operating systems.
WINDOWS
58
Enumerate the 5 Features of Windows
Innovative and Easy to Use
Improved Reliability
A Faster Operating System
True Web Integration
More entertaining and Fun
59
(WINDOWS) Enumerate all 5 Bullets of Innovative and Easy to use
MULTIPLE DISPLAY SUPPORT
POWER MANAGEMENT
ACCESSIBILITY WIZARD
HELP
UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB)
60
(WINDOWS) Enumerate all 5 Bullets of Improved Reliability
WINDOWS UPDATE
SYSTEM FILE CHECKER
SCAN DISK
REGISTRY CHECKER
BACK-UP
61
(WINDOWS) Enumerate all 3 Bullets of A FASTER OPERATING SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE WIZARD
DRIVE CONVERTER
DISK DEFRAGMENTER
62
(WINDOWS) Enumerate all 7 Bullets of TRUE WEB INTEGRATION
IMPROVED WEB FEATURES
INTERNET CONNECTION WIZARD
ACTIVE DESKTOP
CHANNEL
EMAIL
NETMEETING
FRONT PAGE EXPRESS
63
It is an open source operating systems, which kind of an adapted clone of a UNIX
operating program.
LINUX
64
It was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based
personal computers and has been a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and supercomputers.
LINUX
65
It also runs on embedded systems, which is built into the firmware such as in mobile phones, tablet computer, network routers, televisions and video game consoles.
LINUX
66
Enumerate the 5 features of the Linux Operating System
MULITITASKING, MULTIUSER, MULTIPLATFORM AND MULTIPROCESSOR
OPEN SOURCE
MULTIPLE VIRTUAL CONSOLES
MANY NETWORKING PROTOCOLS
67
4 BASIC OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS
INTERRUPTS
SYSTEM CALL
MULTIPROGRAMMING \ SPOOLING \ TIME SHARING
BUFFERING
68
(OSC) are changes in the flow of control caused not by running the program but by
something else usually related to I/O.
INTERRUPTS
69
(OSC) Most modern OS are _____ driven
INTERRUPT
70
(OSC) Method used by processes to request an action by the OS.
SYSTEM CALL
71
(OSC ML ) It keeps CPU and I/O devices busy all the time
MULTIPROGRAMMING
72
(OSC ML )Stands for "Simultaneous Peripheral On Line"
SPOOLING
73
(OSC ML) CPU Scheduling is done when several processes is ready to run at the same time. Swapping moves in and out to run processes that don’t fit in memory.
TIME SHARING / MULTITASKING
74
5 Types of System Calls
PROCESS CONTROL
FILE MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION MAINTENANCE
COMMUNICATIONS
75
3 Dual Modes of Operation
USER MODE
SUPERVISOR/PRIVILEGE/MONITOR/KERNEL MODE
OS KERNEL
76
(OPERATION) The system is this mode when the operating system is running
a user application such as handling a text editor. The transition from user
mode to kernel mode occurs when the application requests the help
of operating system or an interrupt or a system call occurs. The mode bit
is set to 1 in the user mode
User MODE
77
(OPERATION) –The mode bit is set to 0 in this mode. This is the mode where the hardware starts and the mode in which the OS gain
control of the computer.
SUPERVISOR/PRIVILEGE/MONITOR/KERNEL MODE
78
(OPERATION) - – it is the program not running at all the time but active all the time on
the computer. It is everything else, it is either a system program (ships with the
OS) or an application program.
OS KERNEL
79
It is a unit of memory given the task of holding information temporarily especially when such temporary storage is needed to compensate for differences in speed between computer components or overlaps I/O of its own competition or uses queue
BUFFER
80
a process of storing results (output) of an operation temporarily before
forwarding them to the next operation.
BUFFER
