OPERATING LIMITATIONS

Question 1

RPM NORMAL OPERATING RANGE AND MAX

Answer 1

2200 - 2700 RPM normal operating range

2700 maximum RPM

Question 2

OIL PRESSURE LIMITS

Answer 2

60 - 85 PSI normal operating range

25 - 60 and 85 - 100 PSI caution range

25 PSI minimum for engine idling

100 PSI maximum for engine start and warm-up

Question 3

OIL TEMPERATURE LIMITS

Answer 3

50 – 120 °C normal operating range

120 °C maximum

Question 4

CYLINDER HEAD TEMP. LIMITS

Answer 4

105 – 225 °C normal operating range

225 – 245 °C caution range

245 °C maximum

Question 5

NORMAL CATEGORY

Answer 5

The aircraft is in normal category when the AUW is less than 1200 kg and when the CG is not behind 30% of MAC and within approved CG-envelope.

In this category the aircraft is limited to the following maneuvers:

1. Any maneuver used in normal flight
2. Stalls (except whip stall, hammer stall)
3. Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns with angle of bank not exceeding 60°.

The limiting load factors “G” are 4.4 positive and 2.2. negative.

NOTE

Maximum number of persons onboard may not exceed three or the number of seats equipped with safety harnesses.

NOTE

The maximum permissable load in the rear compartment is either one person + 50 kg or a total of 100 kg luggage. Provided that the load is placed on a special cargo floorboard, the maximum load can be raised to 150 kg.

Question 6

UTILITY CATEGORY I

Answer 6

AUW is less than 1125 kg. CG is not behind 27.5% MAC.

In this category, the aircraft is limited to the following maneuvers:

• Any maneuver used in normal category
• Erect stall
• Spins
• Lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns with angle of bank exceeding 60°.

The limiting load factors “G” are 4.8 positive and 2.4 negative.

Question 7

UTILITY CATEGORY II

Answer 7

AUW being less than 1000 kg. CG not behind 27.5% MAC.

In this category, the aircraft is limited to the following maneuvers:

• Any maneuvers used in utility category I.
• Rolling
• Looping
• Half roll (Split-S)
• Top roll (Immelmann)

The limiting load factors “G” are 5.4 positive and 2.7 negative.

Question 8

AEROBATIC CATEGORY

Answer 8

AUW is less than 900 kg In the aerobatic category. CG not behind 27.5% MAC.

The aircraft is limited to the same maneuvers as in utility categories I and II.

The limiting load factors “G” are 6.0 positive and 3.0 negative.

Question 9

AIRSPEED LIMITS (CAS)

(Ordret)

Answer 9

Vne (Never exceed) 196 knots - Do not exceed this speed in any operation.

Vno (Max. structural cruising) 154 knots - Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air and then only with caution.

Va (Max. maneuvering) 143 knots - Do not make full abrupt control movements above this speed.

Vf Flaps extended (1-10°) 130 knots

Vfe Flaps extended (11-38°) 100 knots

Question 10

FINE PITCH?

Answer 10

Fine pitch (high RPM) is maintained by means of oil pressure.

Question 11

COARSE PITCH?

Answer 11

Coarse pitch (low RPM) is maintained by a mechanical device comprising counterweights which are acted upon by centrifugal force.

Question 12

MANIFOLD PRESSURE VS RPM?

Answer 12

Due to the constant speed propeller, opening of the throttle will increase the manifold pressure, not necessarily the RPM.

Question 13

OPERATION OF THE REAR COMPARTMENT DOOR IN FLIGHT

Answer 13

The rear door may be opened during flight.

Max. airspeed during door transition: 70 knots.

Max. airspeed with door fully open: 100 knots.

Question 14

CARGO DROP FROM REAR COMPARTMENT

Answer 14

Drop off cargo from rear door may be executed by a crew member.

The following procedure must be observed:

a) The crew member must be strapped in during the operation.
b) The drop must be performed in a downward motion, and during level flight only.

CAUTION

Drop of cargo during flight from Direct Vision Window may cause damage to the stabilizer.