Online 30 #1

Question 1

What is a study?

Answer 1

A process of andwering a question using data from a pop.

• have a study question
• select a study type
• collect and analyze data
• interpret results
• report findings

Question 2

Ecological study?

Answer 2

Measurements about disease rates, info about exposure and such are made on a group of people

• applies to groups not individuals
• good for comparing health in populations (measles rates in SA, etc.)

Question 3

Case series?

Answer 3

a study that looks/describes characteristics of a group w/ the same disease or exposure
-understand the demographics, clinical presentation, prognosis, etc of the disease

Question 4

Cross sectional?

Answer 4

study that takes after health info in a group of people at a specific point in time (those/women who had chlamydia in January 2020)

• uses a questionnaire, health surveys, etc.
• also called prevalence studies (thise who had the illness)
• assess exposures/outcomes
• inexpensive
• assess health needs

Question 5

Case control study?

Answer 5

Study where there are cases (those w/ the disease) and controls (those w/o the disease) and they are given the same exposure (risk factor ABCD)

• odds ratio
• common in outbreak investigation
• quick and cheap
• good for uncommon diseases
• not good for rare exposures
• recall bias

Question 6

Cohort study?

Answer 6

A study where a group of n people are followed over a period in time to see what happens

• info about risk factors are taken
• compare outcomes w/ those who were exposed and not exposed
• relative risk (a/(a+b)) / (c/(c+d))
• time sequence can be determined
• outcome/risk factors can be collected at the same time
• high cost being used over a long period
• nit good for rare diseases
• if people drop out, it will affect the results

Question 7

Intervention study?

Answer 7

a study where intervention is done on a group of people and the outcome is studied

• intervention could be giving a medicine, vaccine, advice, etc
• outcome is change in disease status, or behavior

Question 8

Random controlled study?

Answer 8

Study where people are randomly placed in an intervention w drug or control group wo drug

• outcomes are compared
• best interventional study design
• double blinding do neither the investigators nor the participants know any outcome
• provides good evidence of causality
• randomized so it’s equal choice
• expensive
• may require many people and not always possible

Question 9

Types of Summaries?

Answer 9

• systematic review looks at relevant studies (assess, synthesize, interpret)
• meta analysis uses data from studies of similar design and it uses data to make a combined analysis to make a single summary result