ONE: SUMMARY OF PUNCTUATION

Question 1

Though PUNCTUATION guidelines are open to interpretation of _____, ______ in __________ always apply.

Answer 1

Though PUNCTUATION guidelines are open to interpretation of style, rules in mechanics always apply.

Question 2

PERIODS are used to 1. ____ __________. & 2. _________ _________.

Answer 2

PERIODS are used to 1. end sentences & 2. indicate abbreviations.

Question 3

ELLIPSES indicate the _________ __ _____ or _________ ________ from a ________ _________.

Answer 3

ELLIPSES indicate the passage of time or something omitted from a direct quotation.

Question 4

QUESTION MARKS end sentences that are formed as ____________ or _________ ___________ that imply a question; they may be used as _________ or __________ punctuation.

Answer 4

QUESTION MARKS end sentences that are formed as questions or direct statements that imply a question; they may be used as internal or terminal punctuation.

Question 5

EXCLAMATION MARKS are used for __________, especially with ___________; they may be used as ____________ or ___________ punctuation.

Answer 5

EXCLAMATION MARKS are used for emphasis, especially with interjections; they may be used as internal or terminal punctuation.

Question 6

SEMICOLONS are used to _______ ___________ _______ when ____________ ___________ are not used.

Answer 6

SEMICOLONS are used to join independent clauses when coordinating conjunctions are not used.

Question 7

SEMICOLONS are used to _______ _______ __________ that have __________ _________.

Answer 7

SEMICOLONS are used to join series elements that have internal punctuation.

Question 8

COLONS are used to ____________ something to ___________.

Answer 8

COLONS are used to introduce something to follow.

Question 9

COMMAS are used with a ___________ to _______ ________.

Answer 9

COMMAS are used with a conjunction to join clauses.

Question 10

COMMAS are used to ____________ ____________ _________, __________, and word from _________ _________.

Answer 10

COMMAS are used to separate beginning clauses, phrases, and words from main clause.

Question 11

COMMAS and/or conjunctions __________ items in a _______.

Answer 11

COMMAS and/or conjunctions connect items in a series.

Question 12

______ _____________ modifying the same _______ or ________ take a __________ only if they modify with ________ ________.

Answer 12

Two adjectives modifying the same noun or pronoun take a COMMA only if they modify with equal force.

Question 13

COMMAS may be used instead of ___________ to join very short ___________ _______ used as a _________.

Answer 13

COMMAS may be used instead of semicolons to join very short independent clauses used as a series.

Question 14

COMMAS must always be used with ___________ ___________.

Answer 14

COMMAS must always be used with nonrestrictive modifiers.

Question 15

COMMAS _______ _______ be used with __________ ___________, or for ____________ the __________ from its _______ or the ________ from its _________.

Answer 15

COMMAS must never be used with restrictive modifiers, or for separating the subject from its verb or the verb from its object.

Question 16

COMMAS may _______ the rules to improve sentence _____________.

Answer 16

COMMAS may break the rules to improve sentence clarity.

Question 17

DASHES are used for ___________, to indicate a _______ in _________, or to include an ______.

Answer 17

DASHES are used for emphasis, to indicate a break in thought, or to include an aside.

Question 18

HYPHENS are used to ________ words at the end of a line.

Answer 18

HYPHENS are used to divide words at the end of a line.

Question 19

HYPHENS are used to make ____________ words.

Answer 19

HYPHENS are used to make compound words.

Question 20

APOSTROPHES are used to indicate ___________.

Answer 20

APOSTROPHES are used to indicate possession.

Question 21

APOSTROPHES replace_________ ________ and ___________, and indicate _________ of letters.

Answer 21

APOSTROPHES replace omitted letters and numerals, and indicate plurals of letters.

Question 22

In ____________ the APOSTROPHE must always occur where the _________ or ___________ are ___________.

Answer 22

In contractions the APOSTROPHE must always occur where the letters or numerals are omitted.

Question 23

QUOTATION MARKS are used to indicate __________ uses of words, for ________, for ________ of ________ __________, and for ________ ___________, both partial and complete.

Answer 23

QUOTATION MARKS are used to indicate unusual uses of words, for slang, for titles of short works, and for direct quotations, both partial and complete.

Question 24

QUOTATION MARKS are _____ used for ___________ ___________ or for ________ _______.

Answer 24

QUOTATION MARKS are NOT used for indirect quotations or for block quotes.

Question 25

In English usage, ________ & ________ always occur inside QUOTATION MARKS; ___________ and _______ always occur outside quotation marks.

Answer 25

In English usage, periods & commas always occur inside QUOTATION MARKS; semicolons and colons always occur outside quotation marks.

Question 26

When _________ occurs within the QUOTATION, it is ______ ______ with a pair of _________; the _________ continues without ______________ of its first word.

Answer 26

When attribution occurs within the QUOTATION, it is set off with a pair of commas; the quotation continues without capitalization of its first word.

Question 27

QUOTATIONS within _________ take ________ quotation marks

Answer 27

QUOTATIONS within quotations take single quotation marks.

Question 28

PARENTHESES _______ material that __________ to the __________ meaning of the sentence.

Answer 28

PARENTHESES enclose material that contributes to the fuller meaning of the sentence.

Question 29

PARENTHESES may occur ____________ or _____________ sentences.

Answer 29

PARENTHESES may occur within or between sentences.

Question 30

BRACKETS enclose ___________ material inserted by the writer within a __________ ___________.

Answer 30

BRACKETS enclose explanatory material inserted by the writer within a direct quotation.

Question 31

ITALIC print or UNDERLINING is used for ___________, _________ __________, and sometimes ________ of major __________ _______ and _______ of bound books.

Answer 31

ITALIC print or UNDERLINING is used for emphasis, foreign expressions, and sometimes titles of major artistic works and titles of bound books.

Question 32

CAPITALS are used for _________ or ___________ _______ and ________ ________

Answer 32

CAPITALS are used for cultural or geographical regions and regional groups.

Question 33

CAPITALS are used for ________ _________ without a ________ ________.

Answer 33

CAPITALS are used for family titles without a possessive pronoun.

Question 34

CAPITALS are used for ________ and _________ titles.

Answer 34

CAPITALS are used for personal and professional titles.

Question 35

CAPITALS are generally used for _______, ________ ________, and _________ referring to God.

Answer 35

CAPITALS are generally used for nouns, personal pronouns, and adjectives referring to God.

Question 36

CAPITALS are used in titles for the ________ & all _______ words.

Answer 36

CAPITALS are used in titles for the first & all main words.