ONE: EIGHT PARTS OF SPEECH

Question 1

What are the four classifications of a noun?

Answer 1

1. common
2. proper
3. concrete
4. abstract

Question 2

A common noun does what?

Answer 2

It names something general.

Question 3

What are the grammar rules involving common nouns?

Answer 3

Such nouns are not capitalized, except when they begin a sentence.

Question 4

What are the two common nouns in this sentence?

Man is a social creature.

Answer 4

“Man” & “creature”

Question 5

Proper nouns refer to what?

Answer 5

Specific persons, places, or things.

Question 6

What are the grammar rules involving proper nouns?

Answer 6

Proper nouns are always capitalized

Question 7

What does the following sentence have:

Elizabeth and Warren went to New York for the weekend.

Answer 7

The sentence has three proper nouns with “Elizabeth,” “warren” and “New York.”

Question 8

What doe concrete nouns name?

Answer 8

real objects.

Question 9

What makes a noun concrete as opposed to being abstract?

Answer 9

If you’re able to perceive the object with physical senses (sight, smell, touch, hearing taste), its materially concrete.

Question 10

These are all examples of what?
1. music
2. dog
3. cinnamon
4. wind

Answer 10

concrete nouns.

Question 11

What do abstract nouns name?

Answer 11

A concept or idea.

Question 12

What makes a noun abstract as opposed to being concrete?

Answer 12

You’re not able to discern an abstract noun with the physical senses.

Question 13

What is the following list an example of?

1. love
2. security
3. confusion
4. weight

Answer 13

They are four abstract nouns

Question 14

In what way can a concrete noun be a common or a proper noun?

Answer 14

The word dog for instance can be a common concrete noun or by giving the dog a name like fluffy, it can also be a concrete proper noun.

Question 15

In what way can an abstract noun be a common or a proper noun?

Answer 15

Typically abstract nouns are common (love, hate), but a case could be made that a noun such as “Hell” is a proper abstract noun.

Question 16

What are the ten first person, second person, and third person pronouns?

Answer 16

1. I
2. me
3. You
4. She
5. he
6. it
7. we
8. they
9. him
10. her
11. them

Question 17

What are the five “self” pronouns?

Answer 17

1. myself
2. yourself
3. himself
4. herself
5. themselves

Question 18

What are the nine demonstrative pronouns?

Answer 18

1. Who
2. that
3. which
4. what
5. whoever
6. this
7. that
8. these
9. those

Question 19

What are the seven number type pronouns?

Answer 19

1. one
2. none
3. any
4. anyone
5. each
6. another
7. both

Question 20

What does a pronoun do in a sentence?

Answer 20

A pronoun is a word that substitutes for a noun.

Question 21

What is being put to good use in the following sentence?

What pronouns function as possessive pronouns in the above sentence?

Answer 21

The pronouns in the sentence are being put to good use.

Question 22

Possessive pronouns also function as what?

Answer 22

They also function as adjectives.

Question 23

How come possessive pronouns function as adjectives?

Answer 23

Because they modify the nouns they’re associated with.

Question 24

What is the definition of an adjective?

Answer 24

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Question 25

In what context are adjectives useful?

Answer 25

Adjectives are useful when you need to identify something for which there is no specific noun.

Question 26

What if, for example, you wanted to convey the idea of a cat that is old and fat? But if you're creative what words would you use?

Answer 26

As far as we know, there is no single noun that expresses these two ideas, so you must use adjectives: the fat old cat. If you're creative you might use: "obese" & "ancient"

Question 27

When there are several nouns in a sentence where do adjectives usually occur?

Answer 27

Adjectives usually occur immediately before or closely after the nouns they modify.

Question 28

What is this sentence an example of?

Answer 28

It is an instance in which adjectives are occurring before and after the nouns they modify.

Question 29

In total, adjectives occur in what three places within a sentence?

Answer 29

1. Immediately before a noun 2. closely after a noun 3. After a linking verb.

Question 30

What do linking verbs do?

Answer 30

They're verbs that link nouns to adjectives.

Question 31

Functionally what does a linking verb also do in a sentence?

Answer 31

Linking verbs separate an adjective from the noun or pronoun that it modifies.

Question 32

What is the following sentence an example of? The children were tired, dirty, and hungry.

Answer 32

It is an example of adjectives occurring after a linking verb.

Question 33

What is a verb?

Answer 33

A verb is a word that expresses action, being, or condition.

Question 34

What do linking verbs express?

Answer 34

Linking verbs express being or condition.

Question 35

What are the most easily recognized verbs?

Answer 35

verbs that express action.

Question 36

What do these two sentences evoke?

Answer 36

They evoke action expressive verbs.

Question 37

In what way is an adverb similar to an adjective?

Answer 37

An adverb modifies a verb in much the same way an adjectives does a noun.

Question 38

What are these sentences an example of?

Answer 38

They're adverbs modifying verbs.

Question 39

Besides modifying verbs what else do adverbs modify?

Answer 39

Adverbs also modify adjectives and even other adverbs.

Question 40

The following is an example of what? "He was a very friendly person."

Answer 40

It is an adverb modifying an adjective.

Question 41

The following is an example of what? He very often went to the cemetery.

Answer 41

It is an adverb modifying an adverb.

Question 42

Besides "very" modifying "often" - what is the adverb ultimately modifying? He very often went to the cemetery.

Answer 42

"Often" is ultimately modifying "went."

Question 43

"Friendly" is being modified by what? "He was a very friendly person."

Answer 43

"Friendly" is an adjective being modified by adverb "very."

Question 44

How are most adverbs recognized?

Answer 44

Most adverbs can be immediately recognized by their "ly" endings.

Question 45

What two categories can a word with an "ly" ending fall under?

Answer 45

Some words with "ly" endings can be adjectives as well as adverbs.

Question 46

The adverb in the following example of what? She was a friendly person, so she acted friendly.

Answer 46

It is an adverb with an "ly" ending that's also an adjective with and "ly" ending.

Question 47

What are both friendly words acting as in the sentence and what are they modifying? She was a friendly person, so she acted friendly.

Answer 47

The first friendly in that sentence is an adjective modifying the noun "person." The second "friendly" is an adverb modifying the verb acted.

Question 48

What are the 14 common adverbs without "ly" endings?

Answer 48

1. now 2. then 3. here 4. often 5. almost 6. there 7. very 8. far 9. near 10. fast 11. hard 12. late 13. little 14. well

Question 49

What are these two sentences an example of?

Answer 49

They're both, depending on their meaning in a sentence - adverbs with an added "ly" ending.

Question 50

What happens when you remove the two action verbs: "running" & "drawing" from both of the sentences?

Answer 50

The adverbs "lately" & "near" get transformed into adjectives (and, some might say, makes the sentences more concise).

Question 51

What is happening when the two action verbs are being removed from the second group of sentences? 1. Lately, the bus had been running late. 2. Sunset was drawing near, and it was nearly dark. 3. Lately the bus had been late. 4. Sunset was near and it was nearly dark. What should also be noticed about the removal of verbs?

Answer 51

In 3 & 4 the sentences are more concise - with their verbs removed, thus causing the adverbs to be transformed into adjectives. It should also be noticed too, that by removing the verbs, thus causing the sentences to be more concise, there is less of a need for commas/other kinds of punctuation.

Question 52

What are the 21 most common prepositions?

Answer 52

1. at 2. by 3. in 4. on 5. to 6. upon 7. though 8. with 9. over 10. above 11. from 12. for 13. off 15. after 16. before 17. behind 18. between 19. among 20. under 21. during 22. without

Question 53

What does a preposition do in a sentence?

Answer 53

A preposition is a word that shows a relationship of time or place to an "object."

Question 54

The following two examples are doing what with their prepositions? 1. The book is on the table. 2. Wash your hands before dinner.

Answer 54

The two propositions show relationships between time or place and an object.

Question 55

Regarding "on" what is the corresponding relationship in the sentence? 1. The book is on the table.

Answer 55

"on" is a place relationship to the object "table."

Question 56

Regarding "before" what is the corresponding relationship in the sentence? 2. Wash your hands before dinner.

Answer 56

"before" is a time relationship to the object "dinner."

Question 57

A conjunction is a word that does what?

Answer 57

It is a word that joins things.

Question 58

What are the two basic kinds of conjunctions?

Answer 58

1. Subordinating conjunctions 2. Coordinating conjunctions

Question 59

What does a subordinating conjunction join together in a sentence?

Answer 59

The subordinating conjunction joins less important idea to the main idea.

Question 60

What does a coordinating conjunction join together in a sentence?

Answer 60

The coordinating conjunction joins equal ideas.

Question 61

What are the seven coordinating conjunctions?

Answer 61

1. and 2. but 3. so 4. or 5. for 6. not 7. yet

Question 62

The parts of sentences where coordinating conjunctions (CCs) join and link certain structural components includes what five?

Answer 62

1. CC is used to join phrases 2. CC is used to join the last member in a series 3. CC is used to join all members of a series. 4. CC is used to join a sentence to the preceding one. 5. CC is used to join clauses.

Question 63

How is the coordinating conjunction being used in the following sentence? "I still don't understand the process, but I'll keep trying until I do." "I was bored with the show, so I went home early."

Answer 63

The CC is being used to join clauses.

Question 64

How is the coordinating conjunction being used in the following sentence? "There was a danger before us and behind us."

Answer 64

The coordinating conjunction is being used to join phrases.

Question 65

How is the coordinating conjunction being used in the following sentence? "The fruit salad had apples, walnuts, cherries, and marshmallows."

Answer 65

The CC is being used to join the last member in a series.

Question 66

How are the coordinating conjunction being used in the following sentence?

Answer 66

The CC is being used to join all members of a series.

Question 67

How is the CC being used in the following sentence? "But what will you do when winter comes?"

Answer 67

The CC is being used to join a sentence to the preceding one.

Question 68

What is it that pairs with CCs in order to then transform the CC into what new conjunction?

Answer 68

When paired with a certain other CC the pairings end up becoming a correlative conjunction.

Question 69

What are the five common correlative conjunctions?

Answer 69

1. both....and 2. not only....but (also) 3. neither....nor 4. either...or 5. whether...or

Question 70

What is the defining feature of an interjection?

Answer 70

An interjection is an outburst or exclamation.

Question 71

Where can interjections occur in a sentence?

Answer 71

Interjections can occur at the beginning or within a sentence.

Question 72

How are interjections organized in a sentence?

Answer 72

Interjections are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma or exclamation point.

Question 73

The following involves what being separated within a sentence: 1. Ah, I see what you mean. 2. Ouch! that really hurt! 3. The shark headed straight for our boat and, oh, was I scared.

Answer 73

The following involves interjections that are either separated by a comma or an exclamation point.