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COMAT - Peds > Oncology/Neurology > Flashcards

Oncology/Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Between what ages do Febrile Seizures occur?

A

6 months - 5 years

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2
Q

In order for a Febrile Seizure to be diagnosed, there cannot be history of epilepsy or an intracranial cause. What are the 2 types?

A

Simple
Complex

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3
Q

Describe a Simple Febrile Seizure

A

Duration < 15 minutes
Generalized tonic-clonic
1 within a 24 hour time period

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4
Q

What is the treatment for a Simple Febrile Seizure?

A

Acetaminophen/treat underlying cause
**Reassure and send home!

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5
Q

Describe a Complex Febrile Seizure

A

Duration > 15 minutes or
Focal seizure or
> 1 in a 24 hour time period or
Slow return to baseline

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6
Q

What should be done (3) if a child has a Complex Febrile Seizure?

A

Neurologic workup
EEG
MRI

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7
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy?

A

Non-hereditary and Non-progressive disorder of movement and posture

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8
Q

Cerebral Palsy is usually idiopathic but can be caused by?

A

Prenatal neurologic insult

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9
Q

What is the most common presenting sign of Cerebral Palsy?

A

Delayed motor development

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10
Q

Spastic paresis, ataxic gait and choreoathetoid/dystonic movements are likely seen with?

A

Cerebral Palsy

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11
Q

Are other deficits common besides motor with Cerebral Palsy?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What is the most common malignancy of childhood?

A

ALL
= Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

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13
Q

What are some presenting symptoms of ALL?

A

Fever, fatigue, bone pain, hepatosplenomegaly, bruising, petechiae, etc.

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14
Q

What will be seen on peripheral smear and bone marrow aspirate/biopsy with ALL?

A

Lymphoblasts

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15
Q

What complication should you watch out for with the start of chemotherapy?

A

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

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16
Q

What pneumonic helps to remember the electrolyte changes with Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

A

PUKE Calcium

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17
Q

What electrolyte changes are present with Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

A

PUKE Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Uric acid
- K - potassium
= Elevated
- Calcium LOW

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18
Q

What electrolyte changes are present with Tumor Lysis Syndrome?

A

PUKE Calcium
- Phosphorus
- Uric acid
- K - potassium
= Elevated
- Calcium LOW

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19
Q

What is the treatment for Tumor Lysis Syndrome? (2)

A

Diuretics + Allopurinol

20
Q

In what age group are Neuroblastomas the most common?

A

< 2 years old

21
Q

What cells cause Neuroblastomas and thus, what will it look histologically?

A

NCC origin
- Small, round, blue cell tumor

22
Q

Neuroblastomas can present many different ways. One common presentation is?

A

Abdominal mass that CROSSES midline

23
Q

If a young child has ptosis, BM suppression, subcutaneous nodules and an abdominal mass, what should you suspect?

A

Neuroblastoma

24
Q

Are Neuroblastomas metastatic at presentation?

A

Yes

25
Q

What urinary change can help to diagnose a Neuroblastoma?

A

HIGH urinary catecholamines
= VMA and HVA

26
Q

With what tumor will there be high urinary vanillymandelic acid and homovanillic acid?

A

Neuroblastoma

27
Q

In what age group are Wilms Tumors common?

A

2-5 years old

28
Q

What is the common presentation for a Wilms Tumor?

A

Abdominal mass that does NOT cross midline
- pain +/- hematuria

29
Q

A Wilms tumor is associated with a few syndromes. List 2.

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann
WAGR

30
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
Macroglossia
Hemihypertrophy
Visceromegaly

31
Q

WAGR

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
GU anomalies
Retardation

32
Q

When do Osteosarcomas and Ewing Sarcomas present?

A

Teenagers

33
Q

Symptoms of an Osteosarcoma?

A

Pain and swelling

34
Q

Symptoms of a Ewing Sarcoma?

A

Pain, swelling and systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, fatigue)

35
Q

What will be present with Ewing Sarcoma that is often not present with Osteosarcoma?

A

Systemic signs – fatigue, fever, anorexia

36
Q

Where do Osteosarcomas occur?

A

Metaphysis of long bones
= Distal femur/Proximal tibia/Proximal humerus

37
Q

What will be seen on XR with Osteosarcoma?

A

Sunburst lytic lesion

38
Q

Where do Osteosarcomas often spread?

A

Lungs

39
Q

What translocation is often present with Ewing Sarcoma?

A

11;22

40
Q

Where do Ewing Sarcomas occur?

A

Midshaft of long bones

41
Q

What will be seen on XR with a Ewing Sarcoma?

A

Onion skinning periosteal reaction

42
Q

What lab change can present with Osteosarcoma?

A

HIGH Alkaline phosphatase

43
Q

What lab changes can present with Ewing Sarcoma?

A

HIGH ESR and WBC count

44
Q

Abdominal mass that does not cross midline

A

Wilms (renal) tumor

45
Q

Abdominal mass that does cross midline

A

Neuroblastoma

COMAT - Peds (12 decks)

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