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COMAT - Peds > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Most common causes of Acute Otitis Media?

A

SMH
- Strep. Pneumo
- Moraxella
- H. Influenza

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2
Q

What will you see with Acute Otitis Media?

A

Bulging, red TMs
– May be an effusion or retraction of TM
– May see decreased TM mobility with insufflator bulb

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3
Q

What is the treatment for Acute Otitis Media?

A

Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanic Acid for 10 days

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4
Q

If a child has Chronic Otitis Media, what may be necessary?

A

Tympanostomy tubes

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5
Q

Most common cause of Bronchiolitis?

A

RSV
– Other viruses can cause it too

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6
Q

What symptoms will the child have with Bronchiolitis?

A

Respiratory distress
Fever
Cough
Rhinorrhea

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7
Q

What examination findings will you see with Broncohiolitis?

A

Tachypnea
Hypoxia
Retractions
Crackles/Coarse/Wheezes with auscultation

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Bronchiolitis?

A

O2
Suction
Hydration
Time

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9
Q

When might you use a Bronchodilator with Bronchiolitis?

A

If the patient has a family history/or has asthma and it helps their symptoms

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10
Q

If a patient has an underlying disease or is immunocompromised what drug can be given for Bronchiolitis? What prophylaxis can be given?

A

Ribavirin
- Prophylaxis = Palivizumab

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11
Q

Most common cause of Croup?

A

Parainfluenza
– Other viruses can cause it too

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12
Q

If you get a bacterial superinfection on top of Croup, what can that cause?

A

Tracheitis

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13
Q

What are the main signs of Croup?

A

URI symptoms
Inspiratory stridor
Barking cough
Hoarse voice

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14
Q

What are the main signs of Croup?

A

URI symptoms
Inspiratory stridor
Barking cough
Hoarse voice

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15
Q

What can be seen on XR with Croup? Why?

A

Steeple sign due to narrowing of the subglottic space

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16
Q

What are the treatment options with Croup?

A

Oxygen
Corticosteroids
Nebulized Racemic Epinephrine

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17
Q

Most common causes of Epiglottitis?

A

H. Influenzae
Streptococcus species

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18
Q

What are the signs of Epiglottitis?

A

Drooling
Muffled voice
Inspiratory stridor
Respiratory distress

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19
Q

What are the signs of Epiglottitis?

A

Drooling
Muffled voice
Inspiratory stridor
Respiratory distress

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20
Q

How may a child with Epiglottitis sit?

A

Tripod position with neck like they are a dog sniffing something

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21
Q

What are 2 things you should NOT do with suspected Epiglottitis?

A

Do NOT examine the throat
Do NOT order an XR

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22
Q

Why should you not examine the throat with Epiglottitis?

A

Risk of laryngospasm and airway compromise

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23
Q

How is Epiglottitis confirmed?

A

Direct fiber optic visualization = cherry red and swollen epiglottis

24
Q

What can be seen on lateral XR with Epiglottitis?

A

Thumbprint sign

25
Q

What are the 2 treatments for Epiglottitis?

A

Secure the airway - intubation/tracheostomy
IV Ceftriaxone

26
Q

What causes the Whooping cough?

A

Bordetella Pertussis (gram neg. rod)

27
Q

How is Pertussis spread?

A

Aerosol droplets

28
Q

What are the signs of Pertussis?

A

URI symptoms
Whooping cough
Posttussive emesis

29
Q

Posttussive emesis is concerning for?

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

30
Q

What is the treatment for Pertussis and what is unique about it?

A

Azithromycin
– GIVE IT TO CLOSE CONTACTS TOO

31
Q

What is the treatment for Pertussis?

A

Azithromycin for patient and close contacts

32
Q

What bacteria usually causes Retropharyngeal and Peritonsilar abscesses and which one presents earlier in life?

A

Group A Streptococcus
– Retropharyngeal abscesses occur earlier!

33
Q

What are the shared symptoms between Retropharyngeal and Peritonsilar abscesses?

A

Muffled “hot potato” voice
Drooling
Trismus (stiff jaw)

34
Q

What are the shared symptoms between Retropharyngeal and Peritonsilar abscesses?

A

Muffled “hot potato” voice
Drooling
Trismus

35
Q

What will be present with a Peritonsilar abscess that is not present with a Retropharyngeal?

A

Uvula deviation to the opposite side

36
Q

Most common causative organisms for neonates with meningitis?

A

GEL
- GBS
- E. Coli
- Listeria

37
Q

Most common causative organisms for infants/children with meningitis?

A

SNH
- Strep. Pneumo
- Neisseria
- H. Influenza

38
Q

Most common causative organisms for adolescents with meningitis?

A

SN
- Strep. Pneumo
- Neisseria

39
Q

What type of viruses are the most common viral cause of meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses

40
Q

Kernig sign with meningitis

A

Flex the patient’s hip and attempt to straighten knee and they do not want that

41
Q

Brudzinski sign with meningitis

A

Flex the patient’s head and they immediately flex their hips

42
Q

If you see signs of elevated ICP with meningitis, what test should be obtained?

A

CT of the head

43
Q

For meningitis, what test should be done and what are you looking for?

A

LP
- Gram stain/culture
- Protein and Glucose
- Cell count
- Respiratory PCR

44
Q

What is the treatment of meningitis in neonates?

A

Ampicillin + Gentamicin/Cefotaxime

45
Q

What can be added to the treatment of meningitis in neonates if you suspect the mother has HSV?

A

Acyclovir

46
Q

What is the treatment for meningitis in children?

A

Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone

47
Q

Why should you not use Ceftriaxone in neonates?

A

Elevates bilirubin

48
Q

What 3 pathogens cause ocular infections in neonates?

A

HSV
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

49
Q

Signs of an ocular infection due to Chlamydia Trachomatis?

A

Late onset eyelid swelling and watery discharge

50
Q

Treatment of an ocular infection caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis?

A

Topical and oral erythromycin

51
Q

Signs of an ocular infection due to Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

A

Early onset eyelid swelling and purulent discharge

52
Q

Treatment of an ocular infection caused by Neisseria Gonorrhoeae?

A

3rd/4th gen Cephalosporin

53
Q

Signs of an ocular infection due to HSV?

A

Vesicular eruptions + watery discharge

54
Q

Treatment of an ocular infection caused by HSV?

A

Acyclovir and topical Vidarabine

55
Q

What tests are used to diagnose HSV and Chlamydia/Neisseria ocular infectionos?

A

HSV – PCR
Chlamydia/Neisseria – Gram stain/culture

COMAT - Peds (12 decks)

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