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COMAT - Peds > MSK part 1 > Flashcards

MSK part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Clavicular fractures are common in childhood. What 2 things can they cause?

A

Brachial plexus palsy
Subclavian A. inury

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2
Q

Where on the clavicle do fractures usually occur and why?

A

Middle 1/3 and the proximal end is superiorly displaced because of the SCM

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3
Q

What is a Greenstick fracture?

A

Incomplete fracture involving only 1 side of the cortex of the bone

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4
Q

Incomplete fracture that only involves 1 side of the bone

A

Greenstick fracture

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5
Q

What is a Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Radial head subluxation out of the Annular L.

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6
Q

What are the signs of a Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Pain, pronation and not moving the arm

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7
Q

How do you reduce a Nursemaid’s elbow?

A

Hyper-Pronation
Supination with flexion

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8
Q

What is a Torus fracture? Where is it common?

A

Buckling and compression of the cortex
– Common at the distal radius/ulna with a fall

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9
Q

Where does a Supracondylar Humerus fracture occur?

A

Just above the elbow

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10
Q

What should you beware of with a Supracondylar Humerus fracture?

A

Brachial A. entrapment
–> Check the radial pulse

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11
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Overuse apophysitis at the tibial tubercle

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12
Q

What is Apophysitis?

A

Inflammation where the tendon/muscle attach to the bone

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13
Q

Where does Osgood-Schlatter disease present and what is a symptom?

A

Tibial tubercle = pain with quadriceps use

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14
Q

What are the treatment options with Osgood-Schlatter?

A

Decreased activity or a neoprene brace

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15
Q

Where do Salter-Harris fractures occur?

A

At the growth plate

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16
Q

When will Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy onset?

A

3-5 years old

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17
Q

How is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy inherited?

A

X-linked recessive

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18
Q

What causes Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Absent Dystrophin protein

19
Q

What causes Becker Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Abnormal Dystrophin protein
– normal levels present

20
Q

Are distal or proximal muscles more affected with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Proximal muscles

21
Q

What are some signs of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Clumsiness, difficulty walking, ataxic gait

22
Q

IQ level for Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy

A

Duchenne - LOW
Becker - Normal

23
Q

What maneuver may kids do with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Gower Maneuver
= Pushing hands off skins, knees, thighs to stand up

24
Q

What may be present in the calf muscle with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Pseudohypertrophy

25
Q

What lab change will be present with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

HIGH CK

26
Q

What will the EMG show with Duchenne Muscular Dystrohpy?

A

Polyphasic potentials and recruitment

27
Q

What is the cause of death for those with Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy?

A

High output cardiac failure because of cardiac fibrosis

28
Q

When will Becker Muscular Dystrophy onset?

A

Older kids > 5 years

29
Q

How is Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy inherited?

A

Autosomal Dominant

30
Q

What is impaired with Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Impaired muscle relaxation

31
Q

What genetic mutation is present with Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy?

A

CTG repeats in the DMPK gene

32
Q

What are some presenting signs of Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Infantile hypotonia
** prolonged handshake, dysphagia, cardiac conduction anomalies

33
Q

What are 2 congenital conditions that cause the foot to be turned inward?

A

Metatarsus Adductus
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)

34
Q

Difference between Metatarsus Adductus and Clubfoot?

A

Clubfoot is NOT flexible and needs surgery and casting
(as opposed to observing with the other)

35
Q

Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis

A

Spondylolysis = fracture of pars interarticularis
Spondylolisthesis = forward displacement of L5 on S1

36
Q

In an infant that ingests honey or soil, what can occur?

A

Botulism

37
Q

What does Clostridium Botulinum toxin do?

A

Prevents Ach release

38
Q

What is the presentation of Botulism?

A

Symmetric and descending paralysis

39
Q

Treatment for Botulism?

A

Botulism Immunoglobulin

40
Q

What gene is mutated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

A

SMN1

41
Q

What is degenerating with Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

A

Anterior horn degernation

42
Q

What are the signs of Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

A

Tongue fasciculations and progressive weakness

43
Q

Tongue fasciculations are present with?

A

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

44
Q

Is there a cure for Spinal Muscular Atrophy?

A

No

COMAT - Peds (12 decks)

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