Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals > Oncology and Palliative Care > Flashcards

Oncology and Palliative Care Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating Agents
Example (1)
Mechanism of action
Adverse effects

A

cyclophosphamide
causes cross-linking in DNA
Haemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression, transitional cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytotoxic Antibiotics

Examples (2) plus MOA and Side effects

A

Bleomycin

  • Degrades preformed DNA
  • Lung fibrosis

Doxorubicin
- Stabilizes DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA &
RNA synthesis
- Cardiomyopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Methotrexate
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

Antimetabolite

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

Antimetabolite
Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)
Myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

6-mercaptopurine
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

Antimetabolite
Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis
Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cytarabine
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

Antimetabolite
Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase Myelosuppression, ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vincristine, vinblastine
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

‘spindle poisons’
Inhibits formation of microtubules
Vincristine: Peripheral neuropathy (reversible), paralytic ileus
Vinblastine: myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Docetaxel
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

‘Spindle Poisons’
Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin
Neutropaenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Irinotecan
Class
MOA
Side effects

A

Topoisomerase inhibitors
Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA
Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cisplatin
MOA
Side effects

A

Causes cross-linking in DNA

Ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypomagnesaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)
MOA
Side effects

A

Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis

Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the associated cancer

CA 125

A

Ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the associated cancer

CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the associated cancer

CA 15-3

A

Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the associated cancers

Alpha-feto protein (AFP)

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Name the associated cancer
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
A

Colorectal cancer

17
Q

Name the associated cancers

S-100

A

Melanoma, schwannomas

18
Q

Name the associated cancers

Bombesin

A

Small cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma

19
Q

Mx for nausea and vomiting with intracranial tumours

A

Dexamethasone

20
Q

conversion of oral to subcut morphine

A

divide dose by 2

21
Q

Mx of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy

A

metoclopramide is first-line
Second-line is 5HT3 receptor antagonists e.g. ondansetron
can add dexamethasone

22
Q

Risk factors for N&V with chemo

A

anxiety
age less than 50 years old
concurrent use of opioids
the type of chemotherapy used

23
Q

convert from oral morphine to diamorphine s/c

A

divide by 3

24
Q

SVCO Features

A 
dyspnoea - most common
swelling of the face, neck and arms - conjunctival and periorbital oedema may be seen
headache: often worse in the mornings
visual disturbance
pulseless jugular venous distension
25
Q

SVCO Causes (9)

A

common malignancies: non-small cell lung cancer, lymphoma
other malignancies: metastatic seminoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, breast cancer
aortic aneurysm
mediastinal fibrosis
goitre
SVC thrombosis

26
Q

SVCO Management

A

general: O2 if required, dexamethasone, balloon venoplasty, stenting
small cell: chemotherapy + radiotherapy
non-small cell: radiotherapy

27
Q

Lynch Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant
Develop colonic cancer and endometrial cancer at young age
80% of affected individuals will get colonic and/ or endometrial cancer
High risk individuals may be identified using the Amsterdam criteria

28
Q

How to work out the breakthrough dose of morphine

A

= 1/6th of daily morphine dose

29
Q

Palliative care Mx of hiccups

A

chlorpromazine or haloperidol

gabapentin and dexamethasone also used

30
Q

Mx of excessive respiratory secretions

A

hyoscine hydrobromide

31
Q

Mx of bowel colic

A

hyoscine butylbromide

32
Q

HPV subtypes

A

Subtypes 16,18 & 33 are particularly carcinogenic.

6 & 11 are non-carcinogenic and associated with genital warts.

33
Q

preferred opiates in CKD

A

Alfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl

34
Q

raised calcitonin suggests what type of cancer?

A

medullary thyroid cancer

35
Q

Most common tumour causing bone metastases (in descending order)

A

prostate
breast
lung

36
Q

Mx of metastatic bone pain

A

analgesia, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy

Finals (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions