Oncology

Question 1

Which cancer of the oesophagus is most common?

Answer 1

Adneomcarcinoma

Question 2

Where is adenocarcinoma of oesophagus most common?

Answer 2

Lower 1/3rd

Question 3

Where is squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus most common?

Answer 3

Upper 2/3rd

Question 4

List risks of adenocarcinoma of oesophagus

Answer 4

GORD

Question 5

List risks of squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus

Answer 5

Alcohol

Question 6

What does raised CEA indicate?

Answer 6

Progression of colorectal cancer

Question 7

What does raised alpha fetoprotein indicate?

Answer 7

Hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma

Question 8

What does raised B-hCG indicate?

Answer 8

Seminomas Teratomas Choricarcinomas

Question 9

What does raised Ca 19-9 indicate?

Answer 9

Pancreatic carcinoma

Question 10

What does raised CA 125 indicate?

Answer 10

Ovarian cancer

Question 11

What is a radical oncological Tx?

Answer 11

One with curative intent

Question 12

Contrast neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies

Answer 12

Adj = post surgery Neoadj = pre surgery

Question 13

Where in the lung do small cell and non small cell cancers affect?

Answer 13

Bronchi

Question 14

Are small cell carcinomas of the lung sensitive to chemotherapy?

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

Where do adenocarinomas of the lung occur?

Answer 15

Peripheries

Question 16

Name 4 types of non small cell carcinomas of the lung

Answer 16

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Large cell carcinoma

Alveolar cell carcinoma

Question 17

List acute side effects of radiotherpy for lung cancer

Answer 17

Erythema

Moist desquamation of overlying skin

Pneumonitis

Question 18

List a long term side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer

Answer 18

Pulmonary fibrosis

Question 19

A patient has a wide local excision for non invasive breast cancer. Should radiotherapy be given after?

Answer 19

YES - to reduce the risk of recurrence

Question 20

Which breast cancer patients recieve tamoxifen?

Answer 20

All ER and PR +’ve pts

Question 21

Outline the WHO pain ladder

Answer 21

1 = Non opioid

2 = Weak opioid

3 = Strong opiod

Question 22

Give an example of a strong opiod

Answer 22

Morphine, fentanyl

Question 23

Give an example of a weak opiod

Answer 23

Codeine or tramadol

Question 24

Name a side effect of codeine use

Answer 24

Laxatives

Question 25

If a patient is on a regular morphine dose, how much can be given for breakthrough pain?

Answer 25

1/6th of their daily dose

Question 26

If a patient is just starting on morphine, how much can they have?

Answer 26

5-10mg every 4 hours

Equal dose for breakthrough pain as required

Question 27

Can patients new to morphine have morphine sulfate solution or modified release tablets?

Answer 27

Solution only - only when they have a daily dose of morphine can the have tablets

Question 28

65 y/o man with microcytic anaemia. Ix?

Answer 28

Colonoscopy and endoscopy

Question 29

What is extravasation of chemotherapy?

Answer 29

Inadvertent administration of drugs into surrounding tissues rather than into the vein

Question 30

List causes of SIADH

Answer 30

Small cell lung cancer

Prostate cancer

Thymus cancers

Pancreatic cancers

Lymphomas

Question 31

Describe serum and urine salt levels in SIADH

Answer 31

Low serum osmolality

High urine osmolality

Question 32

What is 1st Tx for SIADH?

Answer 32

Fluid restriction

Question 33

what is Mx of pre renal AKI?

Question 34

What is tumour lysis syndrome?

Answer 34

Rapid cell death of neoplastic cells

Question 35

To whome does tumour lysis syndrome mainly occur?

Question 36

Raised serum urate, K, phosphate. Drop in Ca. Dx?

Question 37

Man with known cancer has lump on belly button. Dx?

Question 38

What can cause a sister mary joseph nodule?

Question 39

Dyspnoea, swollen face/upper lumb, plethora, headache. PMH: lung cancer. Dx?

Question 40

WHat sign is seen in SVC obstruction?

Question 41

What is pemberton’s sign?

Answer 41

Raised arms over head in SVC obstruction causes increase in facial plethora and JVP raised.