Oncology Flashcards
Which cancer of the oesophagus is most common?
Adneomcarcinoma
Where is adenocarcinoma of oesophagus most common?
Lower 1/3rd
Where is squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus most common?
Upper 2/3rd
List risks of adenocarcinoma of oesophagus
GORD
List risks of squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus
Alcohol
What does raised CEA indicate?
Progression of colorectal cancer
What does raised alpha fetoprotein indicate?
Hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma
What does raised B-hCG indicate?
Seminomas Teratomas Choricarcinomas
What does raised Ca 19-9 indicate?
Pancreatic carcinoma
What does raised CA 125 indicate?
Ovarian cancer
What is a radical oncological Tx?
One with curative intent
Contrast neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies
Adj = post surgery Neoadj = pre surgery
Where in the lung do small cell and non small cell cancers affect?
Bronchi
Are small cell carcinomas of the lung sensitive to chemotherapy?
YES
Where do adenocarinomas of the lung occur?
Peripheries
Name 4 types of non small cell carcinomas of the lung
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Alveolar cell carcinoma
List acute side effects of radiotherpy for lung cancer
Erythema
Moist desquamation of overlying skin
Pneumonitis
List a long term side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer
Pulmonary fibrosis
A patient has a wide local excision for non invasive breast cancer. Should radiotherapy be given after?
YES - to reduce the risk of recurrence
Which breast cancer patients recieve tamoxifen?
All ER and PR +’ve pts
Outline the WHO pain ladder
1 = Non opioid
2 = Weak opioid
3 = Strong opiod
Give an example of a strong opiod
Morphine, fentanyl
Give an example of a weak opiod
Codeine or tramadol
Name a side effect of codeine use
Laxatives
If a patient is on a regular morphine dose, how much can be given for breakthrough pain?
1/6th of their daily dose
If a patient is just starting on morphine, how much can they have?
5-10mg every 4 hours
Equal dose for breakthrough pain as required
Can patients new to morphine have morphine sulfate solution or modified release tablets?
Solution only - only when they have a daily dose of morphine can the have tablets
65 y/o man with microcytic anaemia. Ix?
Colonoscopy and endoscopy
What is extravasation of chemotherapy?
Inadvertent administration of drugs into surrounding tissues rather than into the vein
List causes of SIADH
Small cell lung cancer
Prostate cancer
Thymus cancers
Pancreatic cancers
Lymphomas
Describe serum and urine salt levels in SIADH
Low serum osmolality
High urine osmolality
What is 1st Tx for SIADH?
Fluid restriction
what is Mx of pre renal AKI?
What is tumour lysis syndrome?
Rapid cell death of neoplastic cells
To whome does tumour lysis syndrome mainly occur?
Raised serum urate, K, phosphate. Drop in Ca. Dx?
Man with known cancer has lump on belly button. Dx?
What can cause a sister mary joseph nodule?
Dyspnoea, swollen face/upper lumb, plethora, headache. PMH: lung cancer. Dx?
WHat sign is seen in SVC obstruction?
What is pemberton’s sign?
Raised arms over head in SVC obstruction causes increase in facial plethora and JVP raised.
