Derm Flashcards
What is acanthosis nigricans associated with?
Gastric carcinoma Obesity DM Acromegaly Hodgkins lymphoma Thyroid disease
List 2 drug causes of alopecia
Warfarin and heparin
List causes of hirsuitism
PCOS Adrenal / ovarian tumours Cushings Acromegaly CAH Steroids
What is 1st line Tx for eczema?
Emollients and topical steriods
List causes of onycholysis
Psoriasis Dermatitis Infection (fungal) RA Hypothyroidism Trauma Idiopathic
Where are psoriatic lesions found?
Extensors
What is 1st line Tx for psoriasis?
Topicals eg tar, dithranol, Vit D, steriods
List cells in the epidermis
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells
What are skin appendages?
Structures derived from ecto/mesoderm and housed within skin
Give examples of skin appendages?
hair follicles, sebaceous glands, apocrine sweat glands, eccrine sweat glands, nails
White/red patches of buccal mucosa. Dx?
Oral candidiasis
Tx for oral candidiasis?
Nystatin
Chronic itchy blistering skin is associated with what GIT condition? What is it called?
Coeliacs
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
What is the Mx for dermatitis herpetiformis?
Dapsone (sulphone ABx)
Avoiding gluten based foods
What are the dermatological manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1?
Cafe au lait spots
Neurofibromas
Axillary freckling
What are the dermatological manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 2?
Cafe au lait spots (less than type 1)
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas
What type of inheritance is neurofibromatosis?
Autosomal dominant
List 3 causes of generalised cutaneous hypo pigmentation
Pheylketonuria
Albinism
Hypopituitarism
List 5 causes of localised cutaneous hypo pigmentation
Vitiligo Pityriasis veriscolor Post inflammation skin conditions Tuberous sclerosis Leprosy
Indolent boils which rapidly expand, break down and leave large, ulcerated painful areas with a characteristic undermined edge. Dx?
Pyoderma gangrenosum
List 3 conditions associated w pyoderma gangrenosum
UC, CD, RA
What is Mx for pyoderma gangrenosum
Systemic steroids in moderately high doses
Dressings
List 5 conditions in which orogenital ulceration is seen
IBD Steven-Johnson syndrome Syphillis Behcet's disease Reiters syndrome
Chronic sarcoid plaques resembling blue-red plaques on nose and hands. Dx?
Lupus pernio
What condition is lupus pernio associated with?
Sarcoidosis
What is Bowen’s disease?
Intra-epidermal carcinoma in situ
Can progress to invasive SCC
What is triad of Sx for tuberous sclerosis?
Cutaneous abnormalities
Mental retardation
Seizures
What nutritional deficiency results in pellagra?
Nicotinic acid
What is the Sx triad of pellagra?
Dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia
Skin that is hot, red, tender with poorly demarcated edges. Dx?
Cellulitis
Name common organisms that cause cellulitis
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes
Tx of cellulitis?
IV flucloxacillin
Brown firm nodules on neck. Diascopy show ‘apple jelly’ appearance. Dx?
Lupus vulgaris (cutaneous TB)
Tx for Lupus Vulgaris?
TB medication for 1 year
What drugs are used to treat TB?
Oral rifampicin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol
Ulcerated, expanding nodule with everted edges. Occurring on face/neck. Dx?
SCC
Other than in sun damaged areas, where can SCC occur?
Edges of scars
What is the scoring system for melanoma?
Glasgow 7 point system
List elements of Glasgow 7 point system
MAIN: Size, shape, colour
MINOR: Diameter >7mm, inflammation, oozing/bleeding, itching
What is the main type of melanoma?
Superficial spreading
What is the system for measuring invasion of melanoma into skin?
Breslow thickness
Erythematous plaques on chest and back which look like psoriasis. FLAWS & other cancer Sx. Dx?
Cutaneous lymphoma
Peri-oral pigmentation. Dx?
Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome
What organism causes molluscum contagiosum?
Pox virus
Pearly elevated, smooth, reddish papule with a central punctum. Dx?
Molloscum contagiosum
Tx for moderate acne on face, neck and back?
Oral erythromycin
What drug causes drug induced SLE Sx?
Sulphonamides like trimethoprim
Define nodule
Solid lump >0.5cm which is subcut/intradermal
Define macule
Well defined flat area of altered pigmentation
Define Papule
Raised, well defined lesion usually <0.5cm
Define pustule
Well defined pus filled lesion
List causes of erythema multiform
Idiopathic Infections - HSV, strep, EBV SLE Cancer Sarcoidosis Cancer Drugs - penicillin, sulphamides
List causes of erythema nodosum
Sarcoidosis IBD Blood cancers Strep, TB, EBV Drugs like OCP or penicillin
Which of these is NOT a skin change of diabetes?
Neuropathic ulcer, necrobiosis lipodica, acanthosis nigracans, lipohypertrophy, livedo reticularis?
Livedo reticularis
