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Lottie's Question Books > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Cannon A waves in JVP and broad QRS on ECG. Dx?

A

Sustained V tach

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2
Q

What is Tx for sustained V tach?

A

Cardioversion

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3
Q

Irregular QRS, long QT. Dx?

A

Torsades de Pointes

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4
Q

5+ consectutive beats in 30s. Dx?

A

Non sustained V tach

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5
Q

Which 2 rhytms are shockable?

A

Sustained V tach

V fib

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6
Q

What is the first step in MI Tx?

A

GTN or morphine

300mg aspirin in ambulance

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7
Q

L sternal edge, 2nd ICS. Inspiration loudest. Murmur?

A

Graham Steele

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8
Q

Constant machine murmur. Dx?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

Low pitch, mid diastolic rumble at apex. Dx?

A

Austin flint murmur (aortic regurg)

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10
Q

Midsystolic click and late systolic murmur. Dx?

A

Barlow syndrome (mitral valve prolapse)

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11
Q

Inverted t waves and ST depression. Dx?

A

Ischaemic change

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12
Q

ST elevation, Q waves, raised troponin. Dx?

A

Infarct

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13
Q

What is the Tx for AF with unstable angina?

A

Warfarin, anti HTN, beta blocker and statin

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14
Q

What is the first sign O/E of aortic stenosis?

A

Bibasal creps

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15
Q

ST elevation in V1-4. Artery and MI type?

A

Left Anterior Descending –> Anterioseptal MI

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16
Q

ST elevation in V5-6. Artery and MI type?

A

Left circumflex artery –> Lateral MI

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17
Q

ST elevation in V1-6. Artery and MI type?

A

Left coronary artery –> Anterolateral

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18
Q

ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF. Artery and MI type?

A

Right coronary artery –> Inferior

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19
Q

Name the 5 wave forms of JVP

A

A, C, X descent, V, Y descent

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20
Q

What does A wave in JVP represent?

A

Atrial systole

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21
Q

What does C wave in JVP represent?

A

Closure of tricuspid valve

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22
Q

What does X descent in JVP represent?

A

Fall in atrial pressure in systole

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23
Q

What does V wave in JVP represent?

A

Atrium filling against closed tricuspid

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24
Q

What does Y descent in JVP represent?

A

Opening of tricuspid

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25
Q

Absent A waves in JVP. Dx?

A

Atrial fib

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26
Q

Raised JVP with normal waveform. Dx?

A

R heart failure / fluid overload

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27
Q

Large v waves in JVP. Dx?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

28
Q

Cannon A waves in JVP. Dx?

A

Complete heart block

Ventricular arrhythmias

29
Q

Large A waves in JVP. Dx?

A

Pulmonary HTN

Pulmonary stenosis

30
Q

List CXR features of heart failure

A 
Alveolar oedema 
Kerly B Lines 
Cardiomegaly 
Upper lobe diversion 
Pleural effusions
31
Q

What is the normal range of PR interval?

A

0.12 - 0.2s

32
Q

What causes long PR?

A

First degree heart block

33
Q

How long is PR in 1st DHB?

34
Q

What causes short PR?

A

Wolff Parkinson White

35
Q

List clinical features of mitral stenosis

A

Malar flush
AF
Tapping apex beat
RV heave (2nd to Pulm HTN)

36
Q

What is the mitral stenosis murmur?

A

Mid diastolic murmur (opening snap)

37
Q

Syncope. Dyspnoea. Angina. Dx?

A

Aortic stenosis

38
Q

What is the best drug to rapidly lower BP?

A

Sodium nitroprusside

39
Q

What is phentolamine used for?

A

Phaeo causing HTN crisis

40
Q

HTN. Radio-femoral delay. Mid systolic murmur at aortic area, radiating to back. Dx?

A

Coarctation of aorta

41
Q

What 3 heart/lung problems are ventricular septal defects associated with?

A

Pulmonary HTN, Heart failure, shunt reversal

42
Q

What heart problem are small ventricular septal defects associated with?

A

Endocarditis

43
Q

What is the Ix of choice for ?PCKD ?

A

Urinary tract USS

44
Q

What disease inheritance is PCKD?

A

Autosomal dominant

45
Q

What is immediate Mx for ?ACS ?

A

IV LMWH

Beta blocker

46
Q

No DVT risk factors. 3rd PE in 1 year. Initial Mx? Why?

A

Thrombophilia screen - suggests a thrombophilic trait

47
Q

Thrombophilic trait. Mx?

48
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur with opening snap. No other Sx. Dx?

A

Mitral stenosis

49
Q

Ix for mitral stenosis?

50
Q

Sudden severe chest pain after lifting heavy boxes. Radiates to shoulder blade. Dx?

A

Aortic dissection

51
Q

What is Mx of aortic dissection?

A

Beta blockers

Surgery

52
Q

Wide pulse pressure with collapsing pulse. Decrescendo diastolic murmur. Dx?

A

Aortic regurgitation

53
Q

What is Mx of SVT?

A

IV adenosine

54
Q

6 months of frequent chest pain in morning/night. No pain on exertion. Sinus rhythm, normal troponin, ST elevation in anterior leads. Dx?

A

Variant angina aka Prinzmetal’s angina

55
Q

What is Mx for Prinzmetal’s angina?

A

Nitrates and CCB

56
Q

19 y/o man. SoB on exertion +/- chest pain. Mid-systolic murmur on L sternal edge. L axis deviation on ECG. FH sudden death <50. Dx?

57
Q

What is Mx of HOCM?

A

Beta blockers

58
Q

What is initial Ix of phaeo once high BP confirmed?

A

Urinary metanephrines over several 24hrs periods

59
Q

What is Kussmaul’s sign?

A

Increased jugular distention on inspiration

60
Q

What sign is consistent w constrictive pericarditis?

A

Kussmauls sign

Reduced heart sounds

61
Q

Nausea, anorexia, yellow rings around lights. PMH heart failure. Dx?

A

Digoxin side effects

62
Q

What drugs are given as part of post MI Mx?

A

Beta blocker
Aspirin
Statin
ACEi

63
Q

How do you definitively diagnose infective endocarditis?

A

Blood culture

64
Q

What causes bacterial infective endocarditis?

A

Strep viridans

65
Q

What happens to prolapsed mitral valve in systole?

A

Flaps are pushed back into L atrium

66
Q

What Tx is used for paroxysmal AF?

67
Q

Patient has persistent HTN despite being on all the available medications. Next step?

A

Arrange for medication to be given under direct supervision

Lottie's Question Books (15 decks)

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