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Paeds Exam Cram > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

t(1:19)

A

pre B ALL

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2
Q

t(8:14)

A

C-MYC - Burkitts

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3
Q

t(15:17)

A

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia

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4
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia - ALL, CML (POOR prognosis)

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5
Q

t(11:22)

A

Ewing’s

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6
Q

t(12:21)

A

ALL (GOOD prognosis)

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7
Q

t(11q:22)

A

Wilms

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8
Q

N MYC

A

Neuroblastoma (poor prognosis)

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9
Q

EGFR

A

Glioblastoma

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10
Q

1p

A

AML

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11
Q

10q (RET)

A

MEN2

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12
Q

INI1 deltion

A

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)

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13
Q

15q mutation

A

Blood

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14
Q

p53 mutation

A

Soft tissue sarcoma/Li Fraumeni

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15
Q

11p deletion (WT1)

A

Wilms/WAGR

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16
Q

13q deletion (RB1)

A

Retinoblastoma

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17
Q

GATA1

A

AML in T21

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18
Q

RB2 Retinoblastoma

A

(2 hit Chr13) Osteosarcoma

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19
Q

p53 Li Fraumeni Syndrome

A

Bone, soft tissue, breast

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20
Q

NF1 Neurofibromatosis 1

A

Optic glioma, brain glioma, meningioma, neurofibroma, phaechromocytoma, sarcoma

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21
Q

NF2 Neurofibromatosis 2

A

Bilateral acoustic neuroma

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22
Q

WT1 Wilms, WAGR

A

Wilms, aniridia (no irs), genitourinary abnormalities, mental retardation)

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23
Q

Von Hippel Lindau

A

Renal cell carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, pancreatic tumour

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24
Q

PTEN

A

Glioblastoma

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25
Q

INI1

A

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumour (ATRT)

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26
Q

APC

A

Hepatoblastoma

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27
Q

MEN1

A

Pancreas, pituitary, parathyroid tumours

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28
Q

MEN 2A + 2B - RET

A

Phaechromocytoma, parathyroid adenoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma

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29
Q

Trisomy 21

A

Transient leukamoid reaction in newborn 10%
ALL increased risk 20%
AML increased risk 400%

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30
Q

Klinfelter syndrome (47XXY)

A

Breast cancer

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31
Q

Noonan Syndrome

A

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia

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32
Q

Beckwith Weiderman/hemi-hypertrophy

A

Wilm’s tumour, hepatoblastoma

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33
Q

Fanconi anaemia

A

Leukaemia (especially AML)

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34
Q

Ataxia-telangectasia

A

Lymphoma, leukaemia

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35
Q

DiGeorge

A

Thymoma

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36
Q

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

A

Leukaemia, lymphoma

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37
Q

Wiskott-Aldrich

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, leukaemia

38
Q

X Linked agammaglobulinaemia

A

Lymphoma, leukaemia

39
Q

X Linked lymphoproliferative

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

40
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia

A

Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

41
Q

Tuberous sclerosis

A

Myocardial rhabdomyoma, giant cell astrocytoma

42
Q

MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome)

A

Parathyroid, pancreatic islet, Pituitary

43
Q

MEN2A

A

Thyroid, phaeochromocytoma

44
Q

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

A

Colorectal, thyroid, duodenal, hepatoblastoma

45
Q

Haemochromatosis

A

Hepatocellular

46
Q

BRCA1 BRCA2

A

Breast, ovarian

47
Q

Diamond-Blackfan anaemia

A

AML, meylodysplastic syndrome

48
Q

Schwachman Diamond

A

AML, myelodysplasia

49
Q

Hodkins Lymphoma

A

Adolescence
4x risk post EBV
Painless node, mediastinal mass, B symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, Reed-Sternberg
Chemo + RTX
Highest risk secondaryy cancer (lung M+F, breast F)

50
Q

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma

A 
Age 10
More common, rapidly growing, better prognosis
Horners*
T cell - mediastinal mass
B cell - abode distension
High LDH poor prognosis
Risk of tumour lysis
Chemotherapy
51
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Infants <2yo
Adrenal, paraspinal (mets to bone, orbit, liver, skin)
Presentation: sick, abdominal mass - crosses midline, Horners, Mets - Racoon eyes
Paraneoplastic - opsoclonus myoclonus
High urine catecholamines (HVA, MVA), ferritin, LFH
Resection, chemo +/- RTX, autologous SCT
Stage 4s - <1y hepatomegaly, disseminated, regresses

52
Q

Wilms (nephroblastoma)

A 
2-3yo
Well, abdominal mass doesn't cross midline
Assoc BWS/HH, WAGR, Denys Drash
Surgery
Chemo +/- RTX
53
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Familial
<1yo - Bilateral, worse
Sporadic >1yo, unilateral

White reflex, strabismus
Mets to optic nerve, orbit
Late risk: osteosarcoma

54
Q

Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis

A 
5-10yo
Birbeck cells
Skin blueberry rash
Skull- punched out holes
Single system/multifocal/multisystem - wrose
Chemo
55
Q

HLH

A

Fever, lymph, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice
Ferritin high (prognostic >10000), sCD25, high triglycerides, haemophagocytosis film/marrow
Dex, IVIG, chemo, BMT

56
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

<180mo RUQ mass, previous puberty
High HCG/AFP
Surgery/chemo/transplant
Associated with BWS/HH, FAP, FAS

57
Q

Germ cell tumour

A

3yo/adol
Gonads
RF: 47XXY, T21, 45XO, high AFP/HCG

58
Q

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

<6yo head/neck/orbit
Assoc NF, LF, BWS
Surgery/chemo/RTX

59
Q

Medulloblastoma

A

Good - WNT, SHH

Bad - MYC +

60
Q

Wilms

A

Bad - loss of 16q or 1p

61
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Good - hyperploid

Bad - nMYC amplification, 1p loss, 17q gain, diploid or triploid, high markers (LDH, ferritin)

62
Q

ALL

A

Good - hyperploid, WCC
<50, response to treatment, 1-10yo*
Bad - WCC >50, hypoploidy, t(4,11), 11q23
Very Bad - t(9,22)*, failure of induction, t(8,14), Burkitt

63
Q

AML

A

Good - low MRD at 2nd end point, t(15,17), APML very responsive to treatment
Bad - MLL rearrangements, monosomy 7

64
Q

Cysplatin

A

Severe nausea + vomiting
SNHL
Nephrotoxicity

65
Q

Carboplatin

A

SNHL, nephrotoxicity

66
Q

Bleomycin

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, mucositis

67
Q

Bulsulphan

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, seizures

68
Q

Doxyrubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity, myelosuppression, stomatitis, red pee

69
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Infertility
Secondary malignancy (AML)

70
Q

Itopaside/Ifosfamide

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis
Infertility
Secondary malignancy
(Fanconi, encephalopathy - ifosfamide)

71
Q

Methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Liver/renal damage
CI in pericarditis

72
Q

6MP (mercaptopurine)

A

Myelosuppression

Hypoglycaemia

73
Q

Vincristine

A

Jaw pain
Peripheral neuropathy
SIADH

74
Q

Asparginase

A

Anaphylaxis
Pancreatitis
Coagulopathy
DM

75
Q

Etoposide

A 
Myelosuppression
Secondary malignancy (AML)
76
Q

Actinomycin

A

VOD (Wilm’s tumour)

77
Q

Secondary malignancy

A

Cyclophosphamide

Itopaside/ifosfamide

78
Q

Severe/delayed nausea

79
Q

Infertility

A

Cyclophosphamide

80
Q

RTA/Fanconi anaemia

A

Ifosfamide

81
Q

Jaw pain

A

Vincristine

82
Q

Haematuria

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

83
Q

Encephalopathy

A

Ifosfamide

84
Q

Cardiotoxity

A

Doxyrubicin

85
Q

Red pee

A

Doxyrubicin

86
Q

Shortness of breath

87
Q

Mucositis

A

Methotrexate (combination treatment -ubicin)

88
Q

Myelosuppression

A

Dose dependent

89
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Asparginase

90
Q

Allergy/anaphylaxis

A

Aspariginase

91
Q

Radiation recall/avoid in radiation

A

Doxyrubicin, actinomycin

92
Q

Fungal infections

A

Prolonged neutropenia

Paeds Exam Cram (19 decks)

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