Neonatology

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

IPPV - one breath/second regardless of effort
SIMV - up to 60 breaths/min synchronised with baby, not above
SIPPV - every breath assisted with a minimum rate (if baby takes 80 effort it gets 80 breaths)
SIPPV + VG - every breath is supported with volume guarantee - set volume but pressure varies
HFOV - small volumes at an extremely rapid rate (300-1500 breaths/mine) continuous distending pressure to maintain lung expansion

OXYGENATION: O2 concentration
- Affected by FiO2, MAP
VENTILATION: CO2 removal
- Affected by VOLUME and FREQUENCY

Question 2

Conventional ventilation

Answer 2

To increase O2:
- Increase MAP
(increase PEEP > increase PIP, increase iTime)
- Increase FiO2

To reduce CO2:
- Increase rate/frequency iTime
- Increase tidal volume
(Increase PIP or decrease PEEP, or increase VG)

Question 3

HFOV

Answer 3

To increase O2:

• Increase MAP
• Increase FiO2

To reduce CO2

• Increase amplitude
• Reduce frequency

Question 4

Intracranial calcifications

Answer 4

Toxoplasmosis (parenchymal calcifications

CMV (periventricular calcifications)

Question 5

Retinopathy

Answer 5

Toxoplasmosis (focal)
CMV (focal)
Rubella (salt and pepper distribution)

Question 6

Cataracts

Answer 6

Rubella

Toxoplasmosis

Question 7

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 7

C for Cat

Cataracts***
Chorioretinitis***
ParenChymal Calcification***
MyoCarditis***
ThromboCytopaenia
HydroCephalus

Question 8

Rubella

Answer 8

RUBELLA

CataRacts***
GlaUcoma***/IUGR
BlueBErry muffin rash***
Hearing Loss***
HepatospLenomegaly***
PDA/PS***

Question 9

CMV

Answer 9

CMV’S

ThromboCytopaenia
Chorioretinitis***
HepatosplenoMegaly***
Microcephaly
PeriVentricular calcification***
Sensorineural hearing loss***

Question 10

HSV

Answer 10

HSV 4C’s

THrombocytopaenia
Seizures***
Vesicles***
DIC
Corneal ulcers
Conjunctivitis***
Chorioretinitis

Question 11

Syphillis

Answer 11

Maculopapular rash
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
Bony Lesions - Osteochondritis/Periostitis***
Hearing loss***
Eye - Keritisis/retinitis***
Dental - incisor defects***
Thrombocytopaenia

Question 12

VZV

Answer 12

Scars
Limb abnormalities
Eye abnormalities - cortical atrophy

Question 13

Parvovirus

Answer 13

Hydrops

Question 14

Listeria

Answer 14

Sepsis
Purulent conjunctivitis
Pneumonia
Rash

Question 15

Chlamydia

Answer 15

Conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

Question 16

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Answer 16

Conjunctivitis

Arthritis