Neurology Flashcards
Biceps reflex
C5, C6, musculocutaneous nerve
Triceps reflex
C7, C8, radial nerve
Wrist reflex
C5, C6, radial nerve
Finger reflex
C8, ulnar nerve
Knee reflex
L3, L4, femoral (3, 4, kick the door)
Ankle reflex
S1, S2, tibial
UMN
Hypertonia Brisk reflexes Mild-mod weakness Muscle bulk normal No fasciculation
LMN
Hypotonia Reduced/absent reflexes Severe weakness Atrophic muscles Fasciculation
CNI
Olfactory
Sensory - nose
CNII
Optic
Sensory - eye, afferent pupillary defect, visual fields, fundoscopy
CNIII
Occulomotor
Motor - all muscles of the eye except superior oblique
Pupillary light reaction
CNIV
Troclear
Motor - superior oblique SO4 eye in
CNV
Trigeminal
Sensory - face
Motor - muscles of mastication
CNVI
Abducens
Motor - lateral rectus LR6 eye out
CNVII
Facial
Motor - muscles of the face, taste anterior 2/3
CNVIII
Vestibulocochlear
Sensory - inner ear
CNIX
Glossopharyngeal
Motor - pharyngeal musculature - swallowing, taste posterior 1/3 tongue
CNX
Vagus
Motor - heart, lungs, bronchi,GIT
Sensory - heart lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, GIT, external ear
CNXI
Accessory
Motor - sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
CNXII
Hypoglossal
Motor - muscles of the tongue
Cavernous sinus
III occulomotor
IV trochlear
V trigeminal
IV abducens
Myotomes - C4
Shrug shoulders
Myotomes - C5
Shoulder abduction
Myotomes - C6
Elbow flexion, wrist extension
Myotomes - C7
Elbow extension, wrist flexion
Myotomes - C8
Thumb extension, finger flexion
Myotomes - T1
Finger intrinsics (abduction/adduction)
Myotomes - L2
Hip flexion
Myotomes - L3
Knee extension
Myotomes - L4
Ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion
Myotomes - L5
Big toe dorsiflexion
Myotomes - L5, S1
Ankle eversion
Myotomes - S1, S2
Plantar flexion, knee flexion, hip extension
Dermatomes - C2
Skull cap
Dermatomes - C3
Neck collar
Dermatomes - C5
Shoulder
Dermatomes - C6
Lateral forearm + thumb
Dermatomes - C7
Middle finger
Dermatomes - C8
Little finger
Dermatomes - T1
Medial elbow
Dermatomes - T4
Nipple line
Dermatomes - T10
Umbilicus
Dermatomes - T12
Suprapubic
Dermatomes - L1
Inguinal
Dermatomes - L2
Anterior thigh (pockets)
Dermatomes - L4
Anterior thigh, knee, medial lower leg
Dermatomes - L5
Lateral lower leg, dorm of foot, plantar surface of fott
Dermatomes - S1
Posterior leg, side of foot
Dermatomes - S2
Posterior leg
Dermatomes - S3
Sitting area
Dermatomes - S4, S5
Around anus
6th nerve palsy CN6
Affected eye turned in
If can straighten eye on cover test NOT a 6th nerve palsy
(*tumour - medulloblastoma, brainstem glioma, raised ICP, meningitis, post infection)
Facial nerve palsy UMN CN7
Bottom half of contralateral face
Loss of taste anterior 2/3 tongue
(arterial hypertension, infection, raised ICP)
Bell’s Palsy LMN CN7
Whole ipsilateral face Taste anterior 2/3 tongue Can't close eye Flattening of forehead creases (EBV, HSV, Ramsay Hunt)
Musculocutaneous Nerve Palsy C5/C6
Can’t flex elbow
Loss of sensation lateral forearm
Weak biceps reflex
(fractured neck of humerus)
Axillary Nerve Palsy (C5/C6)
Can’t flex elbow
Can’t abduct/rotate shoulder
Loss of sensation lateral arm posterior shoulder
(shoulder dislocation, crutches)
Erb’s Palsy (C5/C6/C7)
Can’t flex elbow
Can’t abduct shoulder “waiter’s tip”
(birth trauma, backpack)
Klumpke’s Palsy C8/T1
Claw hand
Can get Horner’s also
(birth trauma/underarm injury)
Radial Nerve Palsy C7/C8
Wrist drop Can't extend elbow/fingers Numbness dorsal (posterior hand) Numbness anatomical snuff box Weak triceps reflex (hummers fracture)
Median Nerve Palsy C6-T1
Weak opposition thumb + finger Weak wrist flexion Sensation palmar surface of lateral 3 digits Thenar eminence wasting Absent finger jerk reflex (supracondylar fracture, carpal tunnel)
Ulnar Nerve Palsy C8/T1
Finger abduction/adduction (paper between thumb and second digit)
Sensory 4th and 5th fingers
Intrinsic muscles wasted
(trauma)
Long thoracic nerve palsy C5-C7)
Winged scapula
backpack, cardiac surgery
Common perineal nerve palsy L4-S1
Foot drop with intact reflexes
Can’t walk on heels
(trauma/compression)