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Paeds Exam Cram > Community > Flashcards

Community Flashcards

1
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

6 weeks

A

Head side to side

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2
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

3 months

A

No head lag

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3
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

*6 months

A

Roll both ways

Sit unsupported

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4
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

9 months

A

Attempts crawl

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5
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

*12 months

A

Crawling

Cruising

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6
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

*18 months

A

Walks

Starting to run

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7
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

*2 years

A

Throw/kick ball

Walk up stairs

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8
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

3 years

A

Tricycle

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9
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

4 years

A

Balance one foot

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10
Q

Milestones - Gross Motor

5 years

A

Hop one foot

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11
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

Neonate

A

Primitive (until 6 months)

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12
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

*3 months

A

Grasp

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13
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

6 months

A

Transfer

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14
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

*9 months

A

Pincer

Parachute reflex

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15
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

*12 months

A

Points

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16
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

18 months

A

2 block tower

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17
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

*2 years

A

Straight line

>4 block tower

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18
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

3 years

A

8 block tower

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19
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

4 years

A

Circle

Tripod grasp

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20
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

*5 years

A

Square

Person in 3 parts

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21
Q

Milestones - Fine Motor

6 years

A

Diamond’Triangle

Small sentence

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22
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

Neonate

A

Startle

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23
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

6 weeks

A

Familiar sounds

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24
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

3 months

A

Vocal sounds to respond

Laugh

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25
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

6 months

A

Localises to voice

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26
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

*9 months

A

Vocalises

Repetitive babble

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27
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

*12 months

A

Single words

Single command

28
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

*18 months

A

6-20 words

Hands known objects

29
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

2 years

A

2 word sentences

Knows body parts

30
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

*3 years

A

3 word sentences
Name and gender
2 step command

31
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

4 years

A

First and last name

32
Q

Milestones - Hearing and Speech

*5 years

A

Age

33
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

6 weeks

A

Smile

34
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

3 months

A

Enjoys people

35
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

6 months

A

Friendly with strangers

36
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

*9 months

A

Peek-a-boo

Everything to mouth

37
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

12 months

A

Simple objects (cup, brush)

38
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

*18 months

A

Pretend play

Drink from cup

39
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

*2 years

A

Imaginary/parallel play

40
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

*3 years

A

Shares

41
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

4 years

A

Joint play

42
Q

Milestones - Social and Behaviour

5 years

A

Dresses self

43
Q

Milestones - Vision

Neonate

A

Fix and follow 90 deg

44
Q

Milestones - Vision

*3 months

A

Fix and follow 180 deg

Knows face

45
Q

Milestones - Vision

6 months

A

Full colour vision

46
Q

Milestones - Vision

*9 months

A

Looks for fallen toys (object permanence)

47
Q

Milestones - Vision

12 months

A

Interest in movements

48
Q

Milestones - Vision

*15 months

A

Finds hidden toys

49
Q

Milestones - Vision

18 months

A

Points to distant object

50
Q

Milestones - Vision

*5 years

A

Knows colours

51
Q

Development Screening Tools

Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ)

A

For 0-4yo

Good sensitivity and specificity

52
Q

Development Screening Tools

Denver II

A

0-6yo

Good for language delay

53
Q

Development Screening Tools

Parents Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS)

A

0-8yo
Fast, easy to use
Relies on parents being good observers

54
Q

Development Screening Tools

Goodenough Harris/DAP (Draw a person test)

A

> 3yo
1 point for each detail = 3 months
1 year = 4 points

55
Q

IQ Screening Tools

Griffith Scale

A

0-2yo

56
Q

IQ Screening Tools

Bailey scale

A

1-3yo

Neurodevelopment/intelligence

57
Q

IQ Screening Tools

McCarthy scale

A

2-8yo

58
Q

IQ Screening Tools

Peabody picture test

A

> 2.5yo

59
Q

IQ Screening Tools

Wehsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

A

3-7yo

60
Q

IQ Screening Tools

Wehsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

A

6-16yo

Intelligence

61
Q

Tympanometry

A

Type A - normal (spike at 0)
Type B - fluid in middle ear, perforation, debris in external ear (flat curve)
Type C - Eustachian tube dysfunction (spike at minus numbers)

62
Q

Hearing testing

- What to use at which age?

A

Any age: OAE (otoacoustic Emmisions. Measures evoked sound waves by hair cells
0-3 months: ABR (auditory brainstem response)
- Screening to detect moderate to severe hearing loss
>6 months: behavioural observed (reflexes to sounds)
6m-2y: visual reinforced (response to sounds and visual reinforcement)
2y-5y: conditioned play (engage in activity overtime they hear the noise)
>4y: Kendell Toy Test (two similar sounding toys in front of child e.g. house and mouse, asked to take one)
>4-5y: Pure tone audiometry - tones at various frequencies and decibels. Test air and bone conduction

63
Q

Hearing loss

A

Mild 20-40dB
Mod 40-60dB
Severe 60-90dB
Profound >90dB

Air < Bone = Conductive hearing loss

  • Gap between the air and bone conduction (air worse)
  • Usually due to outer or middle ear

Air + bone low = Sensorineural hearing loss

  • Air and bone scores similar but both are reduced
  • Usually due to inner ear, auditory nerve, cortex

Mixed hearing loss:
- Gap between air and bone AND both depressed

64
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Delayed motor milestones (toe walking, scissoring)
Asymmetrical gross motor function (early favouring, fisting one hand)
Persistent primitive reflexes

Co-morbidities: epilepsy, cognitive, psychiatric, visual, speech. Spastic - UMN (reflexes.tone), clasp knife, contractures. Dyskinetic - involuntary movements (athetosis - slow writing, chorea - rapid jerky, dystonia - contractions). Ataxic - cerebellar signs, nystagmus. Motor function by 2 years is best indicator

Level 1: walks without restriction
Level 2: walks without devices (limited outdoor activities)
Level 3: walks with mobility device
Level 4: self mobility with device
Level 5: self mobility severely impaired even with supporting technology

65
Q

Hearing loss genetic causes

A
  • Congenital deafness: Connexin 26 gene/GJB2, Connexin 30 gene/GJB6. Normal at birth SNHL 1-6y. Disrupts K+ in ear
  • Waardenberg: white forelock
  • Pendred: goitre + SNHL - iodine defect
  • Usher: visual failure + SNHL
  • Alport: nephritis + lens defect + SNHL, M>F
  • Jervell and Lange Nielson: long QT
  • Downs: C + SNHL
  • Goldenhaar: C and/or SNHL

Paeds Exam Cram (19 decks)

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