Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
What is a brainstem glioma?
What are the two types?
A
Any tumour of glial origin arising in the brainstem
DIPG
Pilocytic Astrocytoma:
2
Q
DIPG
- Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
A
- Cranial neuropathy (abducens/VI paresis ->no lateral movement), long tract signs, ataxia
- Made on symptoms and MRI
- 14% alive at 10 years, worse prognosis if palsy
3
Q
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
- Epidemiology
- Pathophysiology
- Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Prognosis
Bonus: What syndrome has high risk of PAs?
A
- Most common brain tumour!
- Can occur anywhere in brain. Most in cerebellum -> optic pathway -> brainstem
- Raised ICP with hydrocephalus, unilateral hemiparesis, unilateral cranial neuropathy, ataxia
- Need biopsy to confirm
- Surgical excision is treatment. Good prognosis.
Bonus: NF1! Usually in optic tract. Have more favourable prognosis.
4
Q
Cyclophosphamide:
- Classification
- MOA
- Uses
- AE
A
- DNA Alkylating Medication. Nitrogen Mustard.
- Add alkyl group to guanine base -> cell destruction. NOT cell cycle specific
- Leukemia + Lymphoma. Relapsing nephrotic syndrome. AIH
- Haemorrhagic cystitis. Infertility. Secondary cancers. SIADH.
5
Q
Vincristine
- Classification
- MOA
- AE
A
- Microtubule Inhibitor
- Works in M Phase. Interferes with beta tubulin, can’t form stable mitotic spindles.
- Alopecia, GI symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, extravasation injury
6
Q
Ifosfamide
- Classification
- MOA
- Uses
- AE
A
- Alkylating Agnet. Nitrogen Mustard
- Adds a alkyl group to a guanin base. NOT CCS
- Bone and Sex Organ Tumours. Lymphoma.
- Haemorrhagic Cystitis. Encephalopathy. Myelosuppression. Fanconi Syndrome
7
Q
Cisplatin
- Classification
- MOA
- Uses
- AE
A
- Platin
- Disrupt the structure of DNA by platinum binding to purine bases (A and G). Not CSS
- Solid Tumours
- GI Symptoms. Nephrotoxic. Peripheral Neuropathy. Hearing problems. Only mild BMS.
8
Q
Doxorubicin
- Classification
- MOA
- Uses
- AE
A
- Anti-tumour Antibiotic -> Anthracycline
- Intercalate with DNA to inhibit RNA and DNA synthesis
Also inhibits topo-isomerase 2 so DNA overwinds during replication - ALL
- Dose dependent cardiomyopathy
9
Q
Gene in Ewings
A
t 11;22
10
Q
Gene in Rhabdo
A
t 1;13, 2;13 BAD AND PATHOGNOMONIC
11
Q
Neuroblastoma bad gene
A
MYCN (in 20%, bad)
12
Q
ATRT
A
SMARCB1
13
Q
Burkitts
A
t8;14
14
Q
What chemotherapy causes bad hearing?
What addition can reduce this risk?
A
Cisplatin
Sodium Thiosulphate
