Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Racp > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis of AML

A

> 20%blast cells (if less, called myelodysplastic syndrome)

Unless typical translocations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Noonan at higher risk of which myeloid leukemia

A

JMML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

NF1 at higher risk of which myeloid leukemia

A

JMML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Investigation of leukemia

A

Morphology
Fish (look for known translocations)
Cytogenetics
Flow cytometry (aml or all; can be sent with peripheral blood)

+/- next generation sequencing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do flow cytometry

A

Diagnosis
MRD estimation
LAIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mutations of AML

A

Type 1 promote proliferation - mutations in growth factor signalling

Type 2 block normal myeloid development

Need both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Favourable cytogenetics in AML

A 
T(8;21)
Inversion 16
CEBPA
NPM1
FLT3 negative

RARA - 15;17 APML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of Poor risk cytogenetics in AML

A

BMT despite MRD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CNS treatment for AML. Does it affect survival?

A

No evidence that it does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prognostic factors for AML

A 
Age
Race
BMI
Down syndrome and <4yo
WCC at diagnosis - higher risk of thrombosis and coagulopathy
FAB subtype
Cytogenetics
MRD (most important)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

5 year survival in aml

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Liposomal anthracyclines

A

Less cardiotoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Induction for aml

A

Cytarabine
Anthracycline
Etoposide

4 cycles total max

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anthracycline SE

A

Cardiotoxic

Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VOD risk factors

A

Pre existing liver injury

Conditioning regimen

  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Busulfan (but iV better)
  • Sirolimus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Haemorrhagic cystitis is complication of which chemo agent

A

Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent)

17
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Anthracycline

18
Q

Neuroblastoma vs wilms tumour

A

Neuroblastoma
calcification very common: 90%
encases vascular structures but does not invade them
younger age group (<2 years of age)
poorly marginated
elevates the aorta away from the vertebral column
more commonly crosses the midline, especially behind the aorta2
more common to have extension into the chest

Wilms tumor
calcification uncommon: 10-15%
displaces adjacent structures without insinuating between them
slightly older age group: peak 3-4 years of age
well circumscribed
claw signwith the kidney
extension into IVC/renal vein

19
Q

MIBG scan indicated for

A

neuroectodermally derived tumors, including pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, paraganglioma, carcinoid tumor and neuroblastoma.

20
Q

Sirolimus is

A

Mtor inhibitor

21
Q

Tacrolimus and cyclosporine mechanism of action

A

Inhibit calcineurin which is responsible for transcription of IL2

Lower T cell activity

22
Q

Azathioprine, 6MP are

A

Purine analog

23
Q

What is symptomatic hyperleukocytosis

A

Aka leukostasis

  • microvascular thrombosis by white cells
  • neurological and respiratory symptoms
  • most commonly seen in acute myeloid leukemia

characterized by

  • extremely elevatedblast cellcount and
  • symptoms of decreasedtissue perfusion
24
Q

What is symptomatic hyperleukocytosis

A

Aka leukostasis

  • microvascular thrombosis by white cells
  • neurological and respiratory symptoms
  • most commonly seen in acute myeloid leukemia

characterized by

  • extremely elevatedblast cellcount and
  • symptoms of decreasedtissue perfusion
25
Q

What is cytokine release syndrome

A

Sepsis like event post immunotherapy

  • fever
  • hypotension

4 grades

Fluid unresponsive. Need vasopressors
Tocilizumab

26
Q

Tumor lysis

A

Hyperuricemia (breakdown of nucleic acids)
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia (precipitate with phosphate)

Cause AKI

After tumor lysis in chemo

27
Q

Tumor lysis more common in

A

ALL
Burkitt lymphoma

Post chemo

28
Q

Rasburicase is

A

Recombinant urate oxidase

Breaks down existing urate

29
Q

Allopurinol is

A

Xanthine oxidase

Prevents formation of urate

Racp (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions