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Racp > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which gets worse in williams syndrome

A

Supravalvular aortic stenosis

Peripheral pulmonary stenosis improves

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2
Q

Williams syndrome associations

A 
Hypercalcemia
Hypothyroid
Lens issues
Renal artery stenosis
Cardiac
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3
Q

Willaims cardiac association

A

Supra aortic stenosis
Coronary ostium stenosis
Peripheral pulm stenosis

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4
Q

Vcfs

A

Need irradiated blood

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5
Q

Vcfs

A

Need irradiated blood

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6
Q

Cardiac anomalies in alagile

A

Peripheral pulm stenosis

  • loudest in the bases
  • worsens with time
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7
Q

If looks like marfan, but has bifid uvula

A

Lewis deets

- tolerate aortic root dilation less well

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8
Q

Ehlers danlos

A

Aortic root dilation

Mitral valve prolapse

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9
Q

Ebstein associated with which teratogen

A

Lithium

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10
Q

Rubenstein taby

A

Broad thumb
Asd vsd
Limb abnormalities

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11
Q

T waves in v1

A

Inverted between day 4 and 4 years old

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12
Q

If they look like they have ASD with partial RBBB but with left axis deviation

A

ASD primum

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13
Q

P pulmonale

A

Right atrial hypertrophy/dilation

Tall p wave >3mm

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14
Q

P mitrale

A

S shaped p wave in v1

Bifid and prolonged p wave in II (>2.5 small boxes).

Left atrial dilation/hypertrophy

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15
Q

Causes of left axis deviation

A 
Volume overload eg big vsd
LBBB
Left anterior hemiblock
- tricuspid atresia
- congenitally repaired TGA
- AV canal defect
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16
Q

Pathological q waves

A

More than 7mm deep (deep is ventricular hypertrophy)
More than 1small box wide (deep and wide is infarction)
In v1 (except occasionally newborns, severe RVH)

17
Q

Ecg CHECK THE SCALE

A

First box limb leads
Second box chest leads

10mm/mV
25 mm/s

18
Q

Definition of RVH

A

R wave in v1 >20mm (25mm in neonates)
Or S wave in v6 >7mm

Or upright T wave in v1 between day 4 and 4yo

Severe

  • re-inverted t wave in v1
  • st depression in v1
  • small q wave in v1
19
Q

Definition of LVH

A

R in v6 +
S in v1
> 35mm

Severe

  • t wave inversion in v6
  • ST depression in v6
20
Q

Qtc

A

Qt / square root of R-R interval

Less than 0.45 (males) 0.47 (females)

Measure in lead II and v5 (Not in v2-4)

21
Q

St segment

A

1mm is normal

2mm is normal in v2-4

22
Q

Wenkebach

A

Gradually lengthening of pr interval until beat is dropped

Benign

23
Q

Ecg findings in pericarditis

A

PR depression and ST elevation

24
Q

Normal pr interval

A

Less than 3 to 5 small boxes (120- 200)

25
Q

QRS duration

A

2 to 3 small boxes

26
Q

Biventricular hypertrophy on ecg

A

Large biphasic QRS complexes in v2-5

E.g. VSD

27
Q

ECg in hyperkalemia

A

Tall peaked t wave
Flat p wave
QRS widening

28
Q

Hypokalemia ecg

A

St depression
Flat t wave
U wave

29
Q

Brugada

A

Coved st elevation and TWI
Saddleback st elevation
Raised j point

Racp (21 decks)

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