Oncology Flashcards
Most common leukemia in childhood, peak at 2-6 y/o, M>F
ALL
Diagnostic test for ALL
Bone marrow aspiration
>25% of BM as homogenous pop of lymphoblast
Pathophysiology of ALL
Leukemic expansion and crowding out of the normal marrow
DDX of ALL
infectious mononucleosis
JRA
Aplastic anemia
ITP
Single most impt prognostic factor for ALL
treatment
3 most impt predictive factor of ALL
Age of the patient at the time of dx
Initial leukocyte count
Speed to tx response
Remission in ALL in lab result
Complication of ALL tx
Tumor lysis syndrome
Main chemotherapeutic agent in remission induction in ALL tx
Aspariginase for 4 weeks
Consolidation phase in ALL tx lasts for…
14-28 weeks
Maintenance phase for ALL
Mercaptopurine daily or methotrexate weekly for 2-3 yrs
Sites of relapse in ALL
Bone marrow, CNS, testes
Neoplasms of lymphoid cells
Lymphoma
Staging for lymphoma
Ann-Arbor Staging
Difference in PE finding of Hodgkin vs Nonhodgkin
Hodgkin: regional adenopathy
Nonhodgkin: systemic adenopathy
Virus associated with Burkitts lymphoma
EBV
Histo for Hodgkin’s
Reed Sternberg cells
Most common NHL, 40%, Typical pic: African boy with unilat facial swelling
Burkitt lymphoma
2/3 of brain tumors are located…
infratentorial (cerebellum mostly)
Most common posterior fossa tumor, best prognosis
pic: 5-10 y, personality changes, with motor weakness, ataxia and seizures
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Belongs to PNET, 2nd most common, originates at roof of 4th ventricle
pic:
Medulloblastoma
3rd most common, infiltrates pons and brainstem
S/sx: personality changes, cranial nerve and long tract signs
Brain stem glioma
Tumors occuring at 1st yr of life, with focal d/o
Supratentorial tumor
Supratentorial tumor that has peripheral visual loss and sx of panhypopituitarism
Craniopharyngioma
Renal tumor of embryonal origin, 2nd most common malignant abdominal tumor in childhood, 2-5 y/o
Wilms tumor
Symptom of wilms tumor
Painless abdominal flank mass that does not cross the midline
Predictors of bad prognosis on wilms tumor
large tumor
St 3 and 4
anaplastic histo
Embryonal tumor if neural crest cell origin, 3rd most common pedia cancer
Neuroblastoma
Sx of neuroblastoma
Nontender abdominal mass which may cross the midline
Dx test for neuroblastoma
Abdominal CT scan
24-hr urine VMA and HVA
BUN, Crea, Bone scan, LFTs, CBC
Stage of neuroblastoma with good prognosis, occurs in
Stage 4s
Tumor of striated muscle, most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, occurs mainly on head and neck
Rhabdomyosarcoma
3 diseases that causes blueberry muffin lesion
Congenital rubella
Congenital CMV infx
Disseminated neuroblastoma
Highest risk for osteosarcoma to develop is…
adolescent growth spurt
Sx of osteosarcoma
Deep bone pain causing nighttime awakening
Classic xray finding of osteosarcoma
Sunburst pattern
Cure for osteosarcoma
Complete surgical resection
Site of predilection of osteosarcoma
metaphysis of long bone
Site of predilection of Ewing sarcoma
Diaphysis of long bone
Classic xray finding of Ewing sarcoma
Onion-skinning
Primary tumor arising in the chest wall in ewing sarcoma
Askin tumor
Most common malignant neoplasm in childhood
leukemia
