Neurology Flashcards
Sudden cessation of motor activity or speech w/ a blamk facial expression & flickering of eyelids
Absence seizures
Seizure with loss of sphincter control
Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Seizure rare before 9 months and after 5 y/o, normal EEG, (+) family hx
Febrile seizure
Risk factors for febrile seizure
Early age of onset
(
Most common cause of status epilepticus
Breakthrough seizure
Febrile seizure that lasts more than 15 mins w/ focal seizure activity
Complex febrile seizure
Recurrent h/a with symptom
-free intervals and at least 3 of the ff: FRUANT
Migraine
Pathogenesis of migraine
cortical spreading depression
Most prevalent type of migraine
Migraine without aura
Indications for cranial CT scan jn migraine
abn neuro signs
behavioral changes
cluster h/a in
Persistent h/a lasting >3 days treated with prochlorperazine
Status migrainosus
Prophylactic tx for migraine
Propanolol
Flunarizine
bandlike h/a not assoc with N/V
tension h/a
When do you give prophylactic drugs for migraine?
More than 2-4 severe episodes monthly
Unable to attend school regularly
2 neurocutaneous syndromes
Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis
Neurocutaneous syndrome that presents with tubers, hamartomas and ash leaf macules; may present with infantile spasms
Tuberous sclerosis
Presents with candle-dripping appearance in subependymal region
Tuberous sclerosis
Orange peel lesion of tuberous sclerosis in childhood involving lumbosacral region
Shagreen patch
Manifestation of TS in adolescents
Subungial or periungial fibromas
Initial presentation of TS
infantile spasm
retinal lesions in TS
Mulberry tumors
Renal s/sx in TS
bilateral angiomyolipomas and cysts
Most prevalent type of NF
NF-1
Chromosome defect in Von Recklinghausen
Chromosome 17
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Unilat cafe au lait spots
Precocious puberty
McCune Albright syndrome
Cause of meningitis in the 1st 2 mos of life
Group B strep
Gram (-)
Enteric bacilli
Listeria monocytogenes
Common cause of meningitis in 2 mo-12 y/o
Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus Influenzae
Strep pneumoniae
DOC for N. meningitidis
Penicillin IV for 5-7 days
DOC for Strep meningitis
3rd gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxONE and cefotaxIME)
Give at least 2 s/sx for NF-1
6 or more cafe au lait spots sparing the face
axillary or inguinal freckling (2-3 mm hyperpigmented areas)
lisch nodules (2 or more) -hamartomas in iris
neurofibromas (2 or more)
optic glioma
Complications of meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Subdural effusions
What condition may exacerbate meningitis?
SIADH (hyponatremic seizures)
Give s/sx of NF-2
Bilateral acoustic neuroma; Unilat acoustic neuroma or any 2 of the ff: neurofibroma meningioma glioma schwannoma
2nd most prevalent malignancy in childhood
Brain tumors
2/3 of brain tumors in children are ____ tentorial
infra
most often found in cerebellum; presents with morning h/a, vomiting and new-onset falling/ stumbling gait; 4-8 y/o M
Medulloblastoma
Circular patterns of tumor cells surrounding a center of neutrophils
Homer-Wright Rosettes
Most common infratentorial tumor with best prognosis
Cerebellar astrocytoma
Infratentorial tumor that can spread to extracranial sites
Medulloblastoma
Supratentorial tumors w/c presents with panhypopituitarism
Craniopharyngioma
Supratentorial tumor presenting with dec visual acuity
Optic glioma
Encephlitis caused by CMV or AutoAb w/c presents with focal status epilepticus
Rasmussen encephalitis
