Neurology

Question 1

Sudden cessation of motor activity or speech w/ a blamk facial expression & flickering of eyelids

Answer 1

Absence seizures

Question 2

Seizure with loss of sphincter control

Answer 2

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure

Question 3

Seizure rare before 9 months and after 5 y/o, normal EEG, (+) family hx

Answer 3

Febrile seizure

Question 4

Risk factors for febrile seizure

Answer 4

Early age of onset

(

Question 5

Most common cause of status epilepticus

Answer 5

Breakthrough seizure

Question 6

Febrile seizure that lasts more than 15 mins w/ focal seizure activity

Answer 6

Complex febrile seizure

Question 7

Recurrent h/a with symptom

-free intervals and at least 3 of the ff: FRUANT

Answer 7

Migraine

Question 8

Pathogenesis of migraine

Answer 8

cortical spreading depression

Question 9

Most prevalent type of migraine

Answer 9

Migraine without aura

Question 10

Indications for cranial CT scan jn migraine

Answer 10

abn neuro signs
behavioral changes
cluster h/a in

Question 11

Persistent h/a lasting >3 days treated with prochlorperazine

Answer 11

Status migrainosus

Question 12

Prophylactic tx for migraine

Answer 12

Propanolol

Flunarizine

Question 13

bandlike h/a not assoc with N/V

Answer 13

tension h/a

Question 14

When do you give prophylactic drugs for migraine?

Answer 14

More than 2-4 severe episodes monthly

Unable to attend school regularly

Question 15

2 neurocutaneous syndromes

Answer 15

Tuberous sclerosis

Neurofibromatosis

Question 16

Neurocutaneous syndrome that presents with tubers, hamartomas and ash leaf macules; may present with infantile spasms

Answer 16

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 17

Presents with candle-dripping appearance in subependymal region

Answer 17

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 18

Orange peel lesion of tuberous sclerosis in childhood involving lumbosacral region

Answer 18

Shagreen patch

Question 19

Manifestation of TS in adolescents

Answer 19

Subungial or periungial fibromas

Question 20

Initial presentation of TS

Answer 20

infantile spasm

Question 21

retinal lesions in TS

Answer 21

Mulberry tumors

Question 22

Renal s/sx in TS

Answer 22

bilateral angiomyolipomas and cysts

Question 23

Most prevalent type of NF

Answer 23

NF-1

Question 24

Chromosome defect in Von Recklinghausen

Answer 24

Chromosome 17

Question 25

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia Unilat cafe au lait spots Precocious puberty

Answer 25

McCune Albright syndrome

Question 26

Cause of meningitis in the 1st 2 mos of life

Answer 26

Group B strep Gram (-) Enteric bacilli Listeria monocytogenes

Question 27

Common cause of meningitis in 2 mo-12 y/o

Answer 27

Neisseria meningitidis Hemophilus Influenzae Strep pneumoniae

Question 28

DOC for N. meningitidis

Answer 28

Penicillin IV for 5-7 days

Question 29

DOC for Strep meningitis

Answer 29

3rd gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxONE and cefotaxIME)

Question 30

Give at least 2 s/sx for NF-1

Answer 30

6 or more cafe au lait spots sparing the face axillary or inguinal freckling (2-3 mm hyperpigmented areas) lisch nodules (2 or more) -hamartomas in iris neurofibromas (2 or more) optic glioma

Question 31

Complications of meningitis

Answer 31

Hydrocephalus | Subdural effusions

Question 32

What condition may exacerbate meningitis?

Answer 32

SIADH (hyponatremic seizures)

Question 33

Give s/sx of NF-2

Answer 33

``` Bilateral acoustic neuroma; Unilat acoustic neuroma or any 2 of the ff: neurofibroma meningioma glioma schwannoma ```

Question 34

2nd most prevalent malignancy in childhood

Answer 34

Brain tumors

Question 35

2/3 of brain tumors in children are ____ tentorial

Answer 35

infra

Question 36

most often found in cerebellum; presents with morning h/a, vomiting and new-onset falling/ stumbling gait; 4-8 y/o M

Answer 36

Medulloblastoma

Question 37

Circular patterns of tumor cells surrounding a center of neutrophils

Answer 37

Homer-Wright Rosettes

Question 38

Most common infratentorial tumor with best prognosis

Answer 38

Cerebellar astrocytoma

Question 39

Infratentorial tumor that can spread to extracranial sites

Answer 39

Medulloblastoma

Question 40

Supratentorial tumors w/c presents with panhypopituitarism

Answer 40

Craniopharyngioma

Question 41

Supratentorial tumor presenting with dec visual acuity

Answer 41

Optic glioma

Question 42

Encephlitis caused by CMV or AutoAb w/c presents with focal status epilepticus

Answer 42

Rasmussen encephalitis