Nutrition Flashcards
Essential fatty acids
Linoleic acid
a-linolenic acid
LC-PUFA, essential for visual and cognitive devt
ARA
DHA
Minimal energy need, LC PUFA, CHO and fat
30 kcal/kg/24 h
RDA during 1st yr of life
80-120 kcal/kg/day
Essential for LBW infants (CAT)
Cystine
Arginine
Taurine
Energy requirements for children
55 CHO
10 CHON
30 fat
Feeding sched from birth to 9 mos
60-90 mL/ feeding
6-9 feedings/ day
Breastmilk at the start of feeding, high lactose and CHON
Foremilk
Creamy milk with high fat
Hind milk
Casein to whey ratio in mature milk
40:60
Milk in 1st 7 days postpartum, CHON-rich
Colostrum
Milk in D 10-14 now w/ high fat and lactose content
mature milk
Major energy source in breast milk
Fat
Most abundant breast milk FA
Palmitic and oleic acid
Conditionally essential AA for newborns
Taurine
Enhances absorption of Ca, Fe, Mn
Lactose
What enzyme is synthesized by the brush border of the intestine?
Lactase
Prebiotic, Nitrogen containging CHO w/c promotes colonization of Lactobacillus bifidus
Bifidus factor
Mineral essential for cytochrome oxidase enzymes synthesis
Copper
Progressive neurodegenerative condition w colorless friable hair w/ seizures and MR
Menkes kinky hair syndrome
Disease of the growing born which occurs in children only before fusion if the epiphyses d/t Vit D deficiency
Rickets
Night blindness in Vit A deficiency
Nyctalopia
Abnormal dryness of the conjunctiva d/t Vit A deficiency
Xerophthalmia
Oval or triangular spot of keratinized epithelium in the conjunctiva
Bitot’s spot
Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
Component of human breastmilk that compensates for low levels of endogenous lipase
Bile salt- stimulated lipase (BSSL)
Hydrolytic enzyme present in the human breastmilk that breaks down peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall
Lysozyme
Vitamin essential for vision, immunity and healing
Vitamin A
Disease presenting with craniotabes, rachitic rosary, windswept deformity and Harrison groove
Rickets
Treatment of Rickets
Vitamin D 300k-600k IU PO/ IM as 2-4 doses over 1 day
Deficiency of this vitamin causes RBC hemolysis, loss of neural integrity, cerebellar dysfx, and pigmentary retinopathy
Vitamin E
Vitamin for prothrombin formation and synthesis of coag factors 2,7,9,10
Vitamin K
Deficiency of this vitamin causes beri-beri
Vit B1/ thiamine
Deficiency of this vitamin causes angular cheilosis, anemia, and glossitis
Vit B2/ riboflavin
Vitamin essential for redox rxn, deficiency causes pellagra, diarrhea and dementia
Vit B3/ niacin
Symptom of Niacin deficiency described as erythematous fissured plaque on the neck
Casal necklace
Cofactor in AA metabolism; can cause microcytic anemia; lowered by high-estrogen contraceptives
Vit B6
Cofactor in carboxylase rxn in AA; deficiency causes alopecia, hypotonia and dermatitis
Biotin
Characteristic depression of the sternum and the chostochondral junction, sharper than rachitic rosary, found in vit C def
Scorbutic rosary
Treatment of scurvy
3-4 oz of orange or tomato juice
Vit C supp 100-200 mg PO
Shelf-life of milk in room temp
4-6 h
Shelf life of BM in chiller (
3-8 days
Shelf life of BM in freezer (-18 - -20C)
6-12 mos
Complementary food feeding starts when?
6 mos
Adequate weight gain of infant daily when breastfeeding
for the 1st 3 mos
25g/ day
of diapers wet daily in adequate BM feeding
at least 6 diapers/day (2-3 stools/ day)
CHON and CHO malnutrition; Old man facies
Marasmus
Protein malnutrition, presents with edema d/t hypoalbuminemia; lethargic, apathetic
Kwashiorkor
Streaky red or gray hair in kwashiorkor
hypochromotrichia
Children
FTT
Rare complication of extreme exogenous obesity; s/sx: cardioresp distress and hypoventilation, polycythemia
Pickwinian syndrome
For every 20% excess of ideal BW, the child needs ___ yrs of wt maintenance to attain ideal BW
1.5
Intestinal lipase inhibitor for children >12 y/o
Orlistat
Amount of nutrient intake recommended daily
RDA
