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Pediatrics > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

No. of RBCs in urinalysis that warrants emergent imaging due to possible trauma to the kidney

A

> 20-50 RBC/hpf

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2
Q

Formula for Crea clearance in children

A

(mL/min/1.73m2) = k x height (cm)

K
1 mo-2 y: 40
3-12y: 49
>12y: 62

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3
Q

Flank pain radiating to the groin

A

Renal colic

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4
Q

Ideal imaging study for UTI, renal scarring, hydroureter and pyelocaliectasis

A

Voiding cystourethrogram

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5
Q

Conditions that warrant a renal biopsy

A

Persistent microscopic hematuria ( 3 positive UA/ 1 mo)

Recurrent gross hematuria w/ dec renal fx, proteinuria or hypertension

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6
Q

I/F: IgA within mesangial deposits

L/M: focal & segmental mesangial proliferation

A

IgA nephropathy

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7
Q

E/M: diffuse thickening, thinning, SPLITTING, and layering of the glonerular & tubular BM

A

Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)

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8
Q

E/M: isolated thinning of GBM

A

Thin glomerular basement membrane disease

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9
Q

Crescents in the glomeruli

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

PERIORBITAL EDEMA, gross hematuria, oliguria, hypertension

A

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

hematuria assoc. w/ URTI or GI infection 1-2 days prior its onset
normal C3

A

IgA nephropathy

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12
Q

Usually follows GAHBS infection

Low C3

A

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

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13
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in PSGN?

A

Type 3: Immune-complex

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14
Q

Benign familial hematuria

A

Thin membrane disease

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15
Q

X-linked disease with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria

w/ pathognomonic anterior lenticonus

A

Alport syndrome

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16
Q

Latency period of PSGN after pyoderma

A

3-6 weeks

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17
Q

Treatment of PSGN

A

Na restriction
Penicillin for 10 days
Furosemide 1 mk/dose IV
ACE inhibitors/ CCBs/ vasodilators

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18
Q

Ring-formed RBCs with one or more protrusions of different shapes and sizes

A

Acanthocytes/ dysmorphic RBCs

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19
Q

Primary renal diseases that manifest as ACUTE glomerulonephritis

A

Post strep GN
IgA nephropathy
Goodpasture syndrome
Idiopathic RPGN

20
Q

GN that is common in the 2nd decade of life; assoc w/ chronic infx; C3 levels low; histo: lobular pattern, capillary walls are thick

A

Membranoproliferative GN

21
Q

GN that mostly affects HSP, SLE patients; hallmark: crescents in majority of GN; S/Sx: acute nephritis w/ proteinuria

A

Rapidly progressive GN

22
Q

Triad of HSP

A

Hematuria
Purpura on dependent areas
Arthritis of large joints

23
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
+ thrombocytopenia
+ renal insufficiency

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

24
Q

Ety of most common form of HUS

A 
toxin-producing E. coli (worldwide)
Shiga toxin (Asians)
25
Q

Difference of HUS from TTP

A

TTP has same triad but w/ CNS involvement and fever, more gradual onset

26
Q

Lab criteria for HUS

A

Anemia w/ microangiopathic changes in PBS (Schistocytes, burr cells, helmet cells)
Acute renal injury (hematuria, proteinuria or elev crea)

27
Q

Confirmed case of HUS

A

Both criteria met and began w/in 3 wks after onset of bloody diarrhea

28
Q

Characteristic histo of HUS

A

Microvascular injury with endothelial cell damage

29
Q

Sudden onset of pallor in HUS occurs usually at…

A

5-10 days after initial AGE or resp illness

30
Q

Sudden onset of gross/ microscopic hematuria, unilat/bilat flank masses

A

Renal vein thrombosis

31
Q

Confirmatory test for RVT

A

Doppler studies of IVC and renal vein

32
Q

Infantile autosomal recessive disease w/ bilat flank masses; assoc w/ potter facies or oligohydramnios complex

A

Polycystic kidney disease

33
Q

Complication of polycystic disease seen in over 50% of children in the 1st decade of life

A

ESRD

34
Q 
Abdominal, flank, or back pain
Fever
Malaise
N/V
Diarrhea (occasional)
A

Pyelonephritis

35
Q

Gross hematuria and dysuria
Suprapubic pain
Urgency, frequency
resolves within 1 week

A

Cystitis

36
Q

Most common cause of hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Adenovirus 11 and 21

37
Q

At what age does the child be able to undergo bladder training and master it?

A

2 y/o and 3 y/o respectively

38
Q

At what age does the child be able to undergo bowel training and master it?

A

3 y/o and 4 y/o respectively

39
Q

DOC for UTI

A

Coamoxiclav

or Cefuroxime

40
Q

Diagnosis of UTI based on 2011 AAP guidelines

A 
Positive UA
Positive culture (>50k cfu/mL)
41
Q

Upper limit of (N) CHON excretion in healthy children

A

150 mg/day

UAbCHON 3+ significant

42
Q

Non-pathologic cause of proteinuria

A

Febrile
Exercise (resolves after 2 days)
Postural (orthostic)

43
Q 
Heavy proteinuria (40 mg/m2/hr)
Hypoalbuminemia (
A

Nephrotic syndrome

44
Q

2nd most common cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

Minimal change disease (85%)

Most common: idiopathic

45
Q

E/M: flattening/effacement of epith cell foot processes

A

Nephrotic syndrome

46
Q

Mainstay tx of nephrotic syndrome

A

Steroids
(Prednisone 60mg/m2/day, 2-3 doses for at least 4 wks)
(Pulse therapy: methylprednisolone 30mg/kg bolus w/ 1st 6 doses given every other day then tapered up to 18 mos)

47
Q

When do you say that a child is steroid-resistant?

A

Proteinuria after 8 weeks

Consider biopsy, usual form: focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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