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Pediatrics > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic procedure for EA w/ TEF

A

NGT/ OGT insertion

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2
Q

Chronic postprandial regurgitation common among 4 month-old infants

A

GERD

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3
Q

Common lung lobe affected by aspiration pneumonia among infants

A

RUL

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4
Q

Treatment for intractable GERD

A

Nissen fundoplication

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5
Q

Only PPI preparation in granules

A

Esomeprazole

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6
Q

How many hours will you observe a child who ingested a blunt nontoxic object?

A

24 hours

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7
Q

What types of necrosis is observed on liquid alkali ingestion & acidic caustic agent ingestion?

A

Liquefaction & coagulation necrosis respectively

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8
Q

What will you do on an asymptomatic patient who ingested caustic agents?

A

Observe for 24 hours for late signs

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9
Q

Grade of esophageal injury which is circumferential

A

Grade 3

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10
Q

Grade of esophageal injury that is not circumferential

A

Grade 2

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11
Q

Contraindicated management for caustic ingestion

A

Neutralization, induced emesis, gastric lavage

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12
Q

Classic symptoms of intestinal obstruction

A

N/V, abdominal distention, obstipation

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13
Q

Ground glass appearance on RLQ with trapped air bubbles

A

Meconium ileus

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14
Q

X-ray sign on abdominal obstruction

A

Stepladder sign

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15
Q

Most common cause of nonbilous vomiting, presenting with firm, movable, olive-shaped mass

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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16
Q

Shoulder sign & double tract sign in barium studies

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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17
Q

Triad of sudden onset epigastric pain, inability to pass tube into the stomach & retching with emesis

A

Volvulus

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18
Q

Most common sites of volvulus

A

Sigmoid & cecum

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19
Q

X-ray findings in volvulus

A

Bird’s beak sign
Inverted U sign
Coffee bean sign

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20
Q

Recurrence rate of volvulus after decompression

A

50%

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21
Q

Bilous vomiting without abdominal distention

A

Duodenal atresia

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22
Q

Incomplete rotation of intestine during fetal development (3 mos.)

A

Malrotation

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23
Q

X-ray finding on malrotation

A

Corkscrew sign (distal duodenum & proximal jejunum do not cross midline)

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24
Q

Remnant of omphalomesenteric duct

A

Meckel diverticulum

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25
Q

Most frequent congenital GI anomaly

A

Meckel diverticulum

26
Q

Intermittent painless rectal bleeding & brick-colored stool due to ectopic acid-secreting mucosa

A

Meckel diverticulum

27
Q

Most common cause of lower intestinal tract obstruction

A

Hirschprung disease

28
Q

Arrest of neuroblast migration to distal bowel resulting to absence of meissner & auerbach plexus

A

Hirschsprung disease

29
Q

Currarino triad: anorectal malformation, sacral bone anomalies, presacral masses

A

Hirschsprung disease

30
Q

Diarrhea that stops with fasting

A

Osmotic diarrhea

31
Q

Diarrhea that continues with fasting

A

Secretory diarrhea

32
Q

Lactose intolerance is a type of _________ diarrhea

A

osmotic

33
Q

Cholera is a type of _______ diarrhea.

A

secretory

34
Q

Based on WHO classification, what degree of dehydration involves 5-10% weight loss?

A

SOME dehydration

35
Q

How many cc/kg of ORS should you give in a child with SOME dehydration over 4 hours?

A

75

36
Q

How many cc/kg PLRS should you give in an INFANT with SEVERE dehydration over 6 hours?

A

100

First 30 cc/kg over 1 hour
Next 70 cc/kg over 5 hours

37
Q

mEq/L Na of WHO ORS-75 (reduced Osm)

A

75

38
Q

mEq/L of glucose of ORS-75

A

75

39
Q

mEq/L of Cl of ORS-75

A

65

40
Q

mEq/L of K of ORS-75

A

20

41
Q

Osm of ORS-75

A

245

42
Q

Most common etiologic agent of infantile diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

43
Q

1st line antibiotic for shigellosis

A

Ciprofloxacin

44
Q

Antibiotic of choice for diarrhea caused by E. histolytica & G. lamblia?

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

Treatment of choice in a profuse watery diarrhea presenting with fishy odor & washer woman’s hands?

A

Tetracycline/ azithromycin/ TMP-SMX

46
Q

Clinical picture: Epigastric pain increasing in intensity after 1 week of systemic viral infection

A

Acute pancreatitis

47
Q

Condition involving autodigestion & conversion of lecithin to toxic lysolecithin

A

Acute pancreatitis

48
Q

Test more SPECIFIC for acute pancreatitis (rises in 4 hrs, peaks at 24 hours, lasts for >2 weeks)

A

Lipase

49
Q

What will increase in lab values in acute pancreatitis?

A

WBC, glucose, bilirubin, glutamyl transpeptidase

50
Q

Abdominal x-ray sign in acute pancreatitis?

A

Cut-off sign (dilated transverse colon)

51
Q

1st serologic marker to appear in Hepa B infection;
detects acute & chronic infection;
used in Hep B vaccine

A

HBsAg

52
Q

Marker in resolved Hep B infection;

detection of immunity after vaccination

A

Anti-HBs

53
Q

Marker for highly-infectious Hep B

A

HbeAg

54
Q

Interpret:
HBsAg (-)
anti-HBc (-)
anti-HBs (-)

A

Susceptible

55
Q

HBsAg (-)
anti-HBc (+)
anti-HBs (+)

A

Immune due to natural infection

56
Q

HbsAg (-)
anti-HBc (-)
anti-HBs (+)

A

Immunized with Hep B vaccine

57
Q

HbsAg (+)
anti-HBc (+)
IgM anti-HBc (+)
anti-HBs (-)

A

Acutely infected

58
Q

HBsAg (+)
anti-HBc (+)
IgM anti-HBc (-)
anti-HBs (-)

A

Chronically infected

59
Q

HBsAg (-)
anti-HBc (+)
anti-HBs (-)

A 
Interpretation unclear
4 possibilities:
1) Resolved infection
2) False (+) anti-HBc
3) "Low level" chronic infection
4) Resolving acute infection
60
Q

Urinalysis result confirmatory of hematuria

A

> 5 RBC/hpf

61
Q

Normal specific gravity for urine

A

1.015-1.025

62
Q

Most common type of Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

Type A: EA w/ distal TEF

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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