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GI Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnostic procedure for EA w/ TEF

A

NGT/ OGT insertion

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2
Q

Chronic postprandial regurgitation common among 4 month-old infants

A

GERD

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3
Q

Common lung lobe affected by aspiration pneumonia among infants

A

RUL

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4
Q

Treatment for intractable GERD

A

Nissen fundoplication

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5
Q

Only PPI preparation in granules

A

Esomeprazole

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6
Q

How many hours will you observe a child who ingested a blunt nontoxic object?

A

24 hours

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7
Q

What types of necrosis is observed on liquid alkali ingestion & acidic caustic agent ingestion?

A

Liquefaction & coagulation necrosis respectively

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8
Q

What will you do on an asymptomatic patient who ingested caustic agents?

A

Observe for 24 hours for late signs

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9
Q

Grade of esophageal injury which is circumferential

A

Grade 3

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10
Q

Grade of esophageal injury that is not circumferential

A

Grade 2

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11
Q

Contraindicated management for caustic ingestion

A

Neutralization, induced emesis, gastric lavage

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12
Q

Classic symptoms of intestinal obstruction

A

N/V, abdominal distention, obstipation

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13
Q

Ground glass appearance on RLQ with trapped air bubbles

A

Meconium ileus

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14
Q

X-ray sign on abdominal obstruction

A

Stepladder sign

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15
Q

Most common cause of nonbilous vomiting, presenting with firm, movable, olive-shaped mass

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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16
Q

Shoulder sign & double tract sign in barium studies

A

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

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17
Q

Triad of sudden onset epigastric pain, inability to pass tube into the stomach & retching with emesis

A

Volvulus

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18
Q

Most common sites of volvulus

A

Sigmoid & cecum

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19
Q

X-ray findings in volvulus

A

Bird’s beak sign
Inverted U sign
Coffee bean sign

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20
Q

Recurrence rate of volvulus after decompression

A

50%

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21
Q

Bilous vomiting without abdominal distention

A

Duodenal atresia

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22
Q

Incomplete rotation of intestine during fetal development (3 mos.)

A

Malrotation

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23
Q

X-ray finding on malrotation

A

Corkscrew sign (distal duodenum & proximal jejunum do not cross midline)

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24
Q

Remnant of omphalomesenteric duct

A

Meckel diverticulum

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25
Most frequent congenital GI anomaly
Meckel diverticulum
26
Intermittent painless rectal bleeding & brick-colored stool due to ectopic acid-secreting mucosa
Meckel diverticulum
27
Most common cause of lower intestinal tract obstruction
Hirschprung disease
28
Arrest of neuroblast migration to distal bowel resulting to absence of meissner & auerbach plexus
Hirschsprung disease
29
Currarino triad: anorectal malformation, sacral bone anomalies, presacral masses
Hirschsprung disease
30
Diarrhea that stops with fasting
Osmotic diarrhea
31
Diarrhea that continues with fasting
Secretory diarrhea
32
Lactose intolerance is a type of _________ diarrhea
osmotic
33
Cholera is a type of _______ diarrhea.
secretory
34
Based on WHO classification, what degree of dehydration involves 5-10% weight loss?
SOME dehydration
35
How many cc/kg of ORS should you give in a child with SOME dehydration over 4 hours?
75
36
How many cc/kg PLRS should you give in an INFANT with SEVERE dehydration over 6 hours?
100 First 30 cc/kg over 1 hour Next 70 cc/kg over 5 hours
37
mEq/L Na of WHO ORS-75 (reduced Osm)
75
38
mEq/L of glucose of ORS-75
75
39
mEq/L of Cl of ORS-75
65
40
mEq/L of K of ORS-75
20
41
Osm of ORS-75
245
42
Most common etiologic agent of infantile diarrhea
Rotavirus
43
1st line antibiotic for shigellosis
Ciprofloxacin
44
Antibiotic of choice for diarrhea caused by E. histolytica & G. lamblia?
Metronidazole
45
Treatment of choice in a profuse watery diarrhea presenting with fishy odor & washer woman's hands?
Tetracycline/ azithromycin/ TMP-SMX
46
Clinical picture: Epigastric pain increasing in intensity after 1 week of systemic viral infection
Acute pancreatitis
47
Condition involving autodigestion & conversion of lecithin to toxic lysolecithin
Acute pancreatitis
48
Test more SPECIFIC for acute pancreatitis (rises in 4 hrs, peaks at 24 hours, lasts for >2 weeks)
Lipase
49
What will increase in lab values in acute pancreatitis?
WBC, glucose, bilirubin, glutamyl transpeptidase
50
Abdominal x-ray sign in acute pancreatitis?
Cut-off sign (dilated transverse colon)
51
1st serologic marker to appear in Hepa B infection; detects acute & chronic infection; used in Hep B vaccine
HBsAg
52
Marker in resolved Hep B infection; | detection of immunity after vaccination
Anti-HBs
53
Marker for highly-infectious Hep B
HbeAg
54
Interpret: HBsAg (-) anti-HBc (-) anti-HBs (-)
Susceptible
55
HBsAg (-) anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (+)
Immune due to natural infection
56
HbsAg (-) anti-HBc (-) anti-HBs (+)
Immunized with Hep B vaccine
57
HbsAg (+) anti-HBc (+) IgM anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (-)
Acutely infected
58
HBsAg (+) anti-HBc (+) IgM anti-HBc (-) anti-HBs (-)
Chronically infected
59
HBsAg (-) anti-HBc (+) anti-HBs (-)
``` Interpretation unclear 4 possibilities: 1) Resolved infection 2) False (+) anti-HBc 3) "Low level" chronic infection 4) Resolving acute infection ```
60
Urinalysis result confirmatory of hematuria
>5 RBC/hpf
61
Normal specific gravity for urine
1.015-1.025
62
Most common type of Esophageal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal fistula
Type A: EA w/ distal TEF

Pediatrics (10 decks)

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